Abstract
BackgroundThe therapeutic activities of Andrographis paniculata are attributed to four major active diterpenoids: andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3), neoandrographolide (AP4), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (AP6). This study aims to quantify the four active diterpenoids in various plant organs of A. paniculata at different growth stages in greenhouse and field experiments, with a developed HPLC-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for simultaneous determination of these diterpenoids.MethodsPlants were grown in greenhouse and in field conditions, harvested at different growth stages, and separated into different organs for determination of the four active diterpenoids by an HPLC-DAD method.ResultsThe most abundant diterpenoid was AP6 between seedling and vegetative stages in the greenhouse experiment (13.38 to 23.71 mg/g in 2006 and 10.67 to 24.54 mg/g in 2007). High levels of AP6 were also detected in leaves at the transfer stage in the greenhouse experiment (36.05 ± 0.69 mg/g) and field experiment (30.59 ± 1.39 mg/g). The levels of AP6 then decreased as plants matured. The highest content of AP4 was in cotyledons (16.65 ± 4.48 mg/g) at the transfer stage. The highest contents of AP1 were detected in leaves at seed-forming stage in greenhouse experiment (24.72 ± 1.89 mg/g) and vegetative stage in field experiment (43.16 ± 0.92 mg/g). Flowers of A. paniculata contained high levels of AP1 (21.42 ± 3.74 mg/g). AP3 and AP4 were at low levels in leaves at all growth stages.ConclusionIn A. paniculata, AP6 was at the highest level in leaves at transfer stage in both greenhouse and field experiments. AP1 was at the highest level in leaves at vegetative stage and seed-forming stage in field and greenhouse experiments, respectively. The contents of AP3 and AP4 in leaves were low at all growth stages.
Highlights
The therapeutic activities of Andrographis paniculata are attributed to four major active diterpenoids: andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3), neoandrographolide (AP4), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (AP6)
The limit of detection (LOD) of AP1, AP3, AP4, and AP6 were 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.25, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. These results showed that our analytical method met acceptable criteria for all Greenhouse experiment There were large variations in contents of the four active diterpenoids in different plant organs at different growth stages
We studied the patterns of accumulation of these four active diterpenoids in two cultivation periods: September 2006 (Figure 3) and January 2007 (Figure 4)
Summary
The therapeutic activities of Andrographis paniculata are attributed to four major active diterpenoids: andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3), neoandrographolide (AP4), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (AP6). A. paniculata is beneficial to the liver, immune system, respiratory that AP3 had a potent hypotensive effect [9] and higher anti-platelet activity than AP1 [10]. AP6 is an effective antagonist of platelet activating factor-mediated processes in bovine neutrophils via its effects on calcium channels [15]. It caused vasorelaxation of rat thoracic aorta [16] and relaxation of uterine smooth muscle via selectively blocking voltage-operated calcium channels [17]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
