Silver loaded functionalized calix [4]arene nanofibers and evaluation in burn wound healing

Abstract

Burn treatments with gene therapy and healing factors requires highly cost techniques. Instead, topical formulations including plant extract or pharmaceuticals are offered for wound-healing effect. However, these have low water solubility and cannot uptake into cells sufficiently. To overcome disadvantages, new effective treatment approaches should have been accessible. This study aimed to develop nanofiber-based wound coverings using four different Ag(I)-calixarene derivatives. Their nanofibers were produced by the electrospin method, and evaluated in vivo in rats with a second-degree burn model. Biochemical analysis has been maintained to exmine the effects of formulations on such as growth factors and some cytokines that are effective in wound healing process. In addition, histopathological analyzes has been performed to evaluate the presence and density of granulation tissue, inflammation, epithelial thickness and fibrosis. All data were compared with a commercial topical, silver sulfadiazine, whose usage is limited due to various disadvantages in the treatment processes of burn wounds. In this study, four different calixarene derivatives were synthesized their nanofibers were produced by the electrospin method, and their effectiveness was evaluated in vivo in rats with a second-degree burn model. Then, various biochemical and histopathological analyses were done to elucidate the possible wound-healing mechanism. When considering both pathological and biochemical data, the nanofibers of CLX-SAMD-Ag (5,11,17,23‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐25,27‐bis(Sulfadiazine)‐26,28‐propylcalix (Xie and Unser, 2013) [4]arene - Ag) and CLX-MORF- Ag (5,11,17,23‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐25,27‐bis(3-Morpholinopropil)‐26,28‐dihydroxycalix (Xie and Unser, 2013) [4]arene-Ag) were found to be more effective than silver sulfadiazine -silver content application, also known as traditional burn treatment for wound healing.