Significance Of Immune-Markers Cyclin D1, E-Cadherin, EGFR, HER- 2, Ki67, And P53 Expressions In Benign Lesions (Non-Cancer Diseases) Of Gall Bladder

Abstract

Background 
 While Gallbladder carcinoma is comparatively rare, benign diseases of the gallbladder are highly prevalent and maybe either symptomatic or asymptomatic. They present themselves usually as polyps, Cholelithiasis (gallstones) and Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) ,Gallstones are one of the most frequently reported diseases of the gallbladder. They are further associated with metaplasia, chronic inflammation and are thought to contribute to carcinogenesis .The aggressive biologic behavior of the carcinoma and non-availability of sensitive screening tests for early detection may be responsible for the poor prognosis associated with GBC.
 Material and Methods
 All consecutive patients diagnosed with neoplastic and non-neoplastic gallbladder lesions in the Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College were included in the study between the year 2017-2019. The hematoxylin and Eosin stained biopsies of 320 patients were assessed and out of them 100 patients were chosen as the sample for the study. The clinicopatholgical data of the 100 patients were compiled into a data base and de-identified.
 Results:
 Related to presence of stone, there was significant difference between the Neoplastic and non-neoplastic group among male (p=0.007). There was also significant difference between the Neoplastic and non-neoplastic in female (p=0.02). It was analyzed that there had been a significant difference between the neoplastic and non neoplastic tumour morphology and age distribution among males. The neoplastic tumours were highest in >60 years age group while neoplastic tumours were highest among 45-60 years age group . There was significant difference between the neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions related to each of the biomarkers. The mean difference between the neoplastic and non neoplastic was highest in the p53 biomarkers followed by cyclin D. The Relationship between the different types of Biomarkers in the neoplastic lesions and there were moderate to good correlation was present between the each biomarkers.
 Conclusion:
 The minimal response of advanced cases of GBC to traditional treatments calls for new prognostic and treatment perspectives to be identified. Novel prognostic biomarkers could bring about the needed breakthrough in this regard as they will help in the identification of patients who will benefit tremendously from adjuvant and targeted therapies.