性別與種族對經濟表現影響之研究—以印尼東爪哇Sendang Biru海岸地區之漁村為例

Abstract

This research was conducted in Sendang Biru, Malang, Indonesia using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand the differences in fishery related economic activities based on ethnics and gender, and to analyze the variables affected economic performance. Site selection was based on the presence of various tribes such as Javanese, Madurese, Bugis, Batak, and Papua in the community. The primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Using stratified sampling method based on the distribution of ethnicity in the area, 119 respondents with diverse ethnic background participated in the survey. Pictures taken on site were used to support content analysis method and the Harvard gender analysis method. The result showed the division of labor based on gender in economic activities, namely, men mainly catching fish in the sea, while women staying on the inland for non-fishing activities such as processing fish or trading. Respondents of different ethnics such as Javanese, Madurese, and Bugis showed significant differences.The Javanese women hadto perform the most demanding economic and domestic activities compared to all other gender and ethnicity. The Madurese women had already economically empowered themselves because they worked as trader with higher income. On the other hand, women married to men from Bugis tribe had high economic dependence on the husbands because women were forbidden to work. The quantitative analysis focused on comparing the respondents from the two major ethnic groups, the Javanese and the Madurese. It was found that substantial variation of respondent’s personal income. The identified contributing variables explained the differences in personal income were gender, the types of economic activities, and ethnics.