Abstract
Semi-structured data is a widely used text format for data interchange and storage. This paper proposes a robust watermarking scheme of data protection for semi-structured data, which uses JSON format as an example for illustration. We first parse JSON file into a data structure of distinct pairs. Afterwards, we generate a transfer matrix to get the intermediate sequences, which are then encoded using error-correction codes and embedded into the pairs. A private key is shared by the data hider and the recipient to resist collusion attacks. On the recipient’s side, data extraction can be successfully carried out even the received stego data are tampered. The imperceptibility is realized by embedding data into the less significant digits of numeric data in the cover file. The proposed scheme can be extended on several other formats. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust to various kinds of typical attacks such as contextual truncating, modification, and redundancy addition.
Highlights
Semi-structured data are widely used for information storage and data interchange for its convenience and efficiency in data transmission
We propose a robust watermarking scheme for semi-structured data protection
The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust to various kinds of typical attacks
Summary
Semi-structured data are widely used for information storage and data interchange for its convenience and efficiency in data transmission. We parse the cover JSON file, denoted as J, into pairs P, which are the basic units for data embedding in the scheme. The recipient first conducts preprocessing, that parses J∗ into P∗ He applies the same hashing algorithm on the key and generate the pseudorandom sequence Si, which is the same as the sequence during data embedding. Afterwards, he starts watermark extraction by initializing G as an empty n × k matrix. If a0i is not a valid cyclic code, the recipient is convinced that the data included in the pair is tampered He does not utilize the packet for watermark extraction. He gets the watermark by concatenating all the recovered packets
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