Abstract
This study investigated the endurance exercise-induced changes in lesser known adipokines (visfatin, chemerin, apelin, semaphorin 3 C) related to obesity and metabolism, and their correlations with the changes in the parameters of obesity and glucose homeostasis. Forty metabolically healthy obese young males were randomly assigned to control group (C, n = 12) or exercise group (Ex, n = 28). The subjects in Ex participated in a 8-week supervised endurance exercise training program, comprised of four sessions of treadmill running at 65–70% of VO2max per week. Serum levels of visfatin, chemerin, apelin, and semaphorin 3 C were significantly decreased in Ex. At baseline, apelin and semaphorin 3 C appeared to be correlated with obesity measures, including body mass index, % total fat and trunk fat, and waist circumference. Exercise-induced changes in these obesity measures significantly correlated with the changes in chemerin and semaphorin 3 C. Basal chemerin, apelin and semaphorin 3 C correlated with glucose homeostasis parameters, including fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and β-cell function, and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index to different extents. Furthermore, the changes in apelin and semaphorin 3 C well predicted the improvements in glycemic parameters. We suggest that semaphorin 3 C is a novel adipokine involved in pathophysiology of obesity and metabolism, and that it is a biomarker representing an exercise-induced improvement in metabolically healthy obese young males.
Highlights
Www.nature.com/scientificreports to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and expression of the genes associated with pancreatic β cell functions in mice[7]
We demonstrated that our 8-week endurance exercise training program improved body compositions and metabolic parameters, and reduced serum levels of visfatin, chemerin, apelin, and SEMA3C
We showed that, among four novel adipokines, exercise-induced change in serum SEMA3C independently predicted the improvements in parameters of glucose homeostasis
Summary
Www.nature.com/scientificreports to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and expression of the genes associated with pancreatic β cell functions in mice[7]. Chemerin is an adipocyte-derived peptide which has been reported to have auto/paracrine effects on adipose differentiation, as well as endocrine effects in metabolism[9] It was suggested as a better measure for insulin sensitivity than HOMA-IR in an euglycemic insulin clamp study on males without metabolic syndrome[10]. Circulating chemerin levels appeared to be closely related to the measures of diabetes and obesity[14] Another lesser known adipokine, apelin, appeared to be linked to obesity and glucose homeostasis[15,16]. Apelin was shown to have endocrine potency, as it increased glucose uptake both in human adipose tissue[17] and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[18] These studies suggested that apelin may increase to compensate for the disturbed metabolic and hormonal milieu in obesity or diabetes. We investigated the endurance exercise-induced changes in novel adipokines, including visfatin, chemerin, apelin, and SEMA3C, and their correlations with the changes in metabolic parameters in young obese Korean males
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