Abstract
DIOPATHIC adhesive capsulitis (IAC; com-monly referred to as “frozen shoulder”) usu-ally affects patients 40–70 years old. The prevalence of IAC is not precisely known, but it is estimated that 3% of people develop the disease over their lifetimes. Men tend to be affected less frequently than women, and there is no predilection for race. IAC has been associated with several condi-tions. A higher preva-lence exists among patients with diabetes, compared with the general population. The prevalence among patients with insulin-dependent diabetes is even higher (up to 36%), with increased frequency of bilat-eral shoulder involve-ment.
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