Abstract
Introduction: Currently, depression affects at least350 million people across the world, and before2030, concerning the total global burden of non-contagious diseases, it will overtake cardiovascularconditions, becoming the most common disease.Aim od the study: To assess selected aspects ofbiopsychosocial functioning of seniorsMaterials and methods: The study involved 600males aged over 65 from Podlaskie Province,Poland. The following instruments were used: theoriginal questionnaire, Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS),Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), De Jong GierveldLoneliness Scale (DJGLS), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale by Schwarzer et al. (GSES), Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HBI)), Satisfactionwith Life Scale (SWLS), General AnxietyDisorder(GAD-7) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS).Results: According to 76% of the study subjects,men can suffer from depression. Previously, 16%were diagnosed with depression and 28% with anxiety disorders. The Beck Depression Inventoryresults suggest a mild depressive episode; theGotland Male Depression Scale results suggest maledepression - a tendency for depression. Those on theGeriatric Depression Scale suggest mild depression.The mean values of the De Jong Gierveld LonelinessScale (DJGLS) -35.1 5.12, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale by Schwarzer et al. (GSES) -24.4 4.42, Health-Related Behavior Inventory (HBI) -74.01 12.3, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) -20.3 3.87, General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)-16.1 3.2; general self-esteem (SES) was 28.5 8.3and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) -10 2,65 scores.Conclusions: The majority of male seniors cansuffer from depression. Significant correlations werefound between the tendency for depression and thelevel of loneliness, satisfaction with life, insomnia,ability to cope with problems, and preferred health-related behaviours.
Published Version
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