Abstract
Historical earthquakes have documented that lateral spread and settlements are the most significant damages induced by soil liquefaction. Therefore, assessing its effects on structural performance has become a fundamental issue in seismic engineering. In this regard, the paper proposes to develop analytical fragility curves of a Masonry-Infilled RC (MIRC) structure subjected to liquefaction-induced damages. In order to reproduce the nonlinear cyclic behavior (dilation tendency and the increase in cyclic shear strength) due to liquefaction, nonlinear hysteretic materials and advanced plasticity models were applied. The findings herein obtained in terms of seismic fragility of the MIRC building subjected to liquefaction may be implemented as guidelines or code provisions.
Highlights
Liquefaction-induced damages were shown to be the principal cause of disruption of functionality, economic losses, direct and indirect costs for communities during many earthquakes (Niigata, Japan, 1964; Dagupan City, Philippines, 1990; Chi-Chi, Taiwan, 1999; Japan, 2011; Kocaeli, Turkey, 1999; and Christchurch, New Zealand, 2011)
Activation of liquefaction was assessed at the center of the foundation since the presence of the structure mostly affects this point, as demonstrated in [20]
This study considers the serviceability level SLS1 (1/25), as -a1 requirement for all structure of importance level 2 or above, following the New Zealand code
Summary
Liquefaction-induced damages were shown to be the principal cause of disruption of functionality, economic losses, direct and indirect costs for communities during many earthquakes (Niigata, Japan, 1964; Dagupan City, Philippines, 1990; Chi-Chi, Taiwan, 1999; Japan, 2011; Kocaeli, Turkey, 1999; and Christchurch, New Zealand, 2011). During these earthquakes, considerable evidence of liquefaction was produced in terms of ground effects (such as flow slides, lateral spreading, ground oscillations, sand boils), as well as severe soil structure interaction (SSI) damages (such as sinking or tilting of heavy structures, failing of retaining systems, slumping of slopes and settlements of buildings). Bullock et al [8,9] applied semi-empirical methods to predict liquefaction consequences
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