Abstract
Soil liquefaction may cause severe damages to structures mainly in terms of lateral spread and settlements, as documented during historical earthquakes. Liquefaction-potential (LP) estimation has become an important issue in seismic assessment, and this paper aims to propose a new methodology based on fragility curves. LP curves were developed and applied to two case studies performed with 3D numerical models applying Opensees. Nonlinear hysteretic materials and advanced plasticity models were used to reproduce the high nonlinear mechanisms of liquefaction, such as strong dilation tendency and cyclic shear behaviour. LP curves were applied to compare the results of the performed free field (FF) and soil–structure interaction (SSI) case studies.
Highlights
Kafali, C. [20] estimated the probability of liquefaction as a function of earthquake load and SPT resistance by logistic regression analyses, while other researchers proposed an advanced first-order second-moment (AFOSM) technique to calculate the probability of failure, [9]
Analytical fragility curves are here developed to estimate the probability of liquefaction in terms of lateral spread and settlement with 3D numerical models, first for free field (FF) conditions, and considering soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects
Pore pressure ratio, defined previously in [5], considers the pore pressure as a be represented by lognormal distributions, and, only two parameters were needed to plot the fraction of the vertical stress the This logarithmic mean that (μ) and standard deviation (β) of the lognormal seismicby intensity measure study assumes all uncertainties in the fragility curves can be represented lognormal (PGA).distributions, there are several reasons that justify the use of lognormal distribution: and, only two parameters were needed to plot the curves, the logarithmic mean (1) its (μ) and standard deviationan (β)uncertainty of the lognormal seismic intensity simplicity in approximating quantity that mustmeasure take on(PGA)
Summary
Historical earthquakes (Niigata, Japan 1964, Dagupan City, Philippines 1990, Chi-Chi, Taiwan 1999, Japan 2011, Kocaeli, Turkey 1999 and Christchurch, New Zealand, 2011) demonstrated the importance of estimating liquefaction-induced damages, mainly in terms of permanent lateral spread and settlements In this regard, liquefaction potential assessment has been based on empirical data (e.g., [1,2,3,4]) and many relationships between liquefaction resistance and soil parameters have been proposed [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Analytical fragility curves are here developed to estimate the probability of liquefaction in terms of lateral spread and settlement with 3D numerical models, first for free field (FF) conditions, and considering SSI effects
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