Abstract
This paper investigates the use of three-dimensional (3D) ϕ-u potential-based fluid elements for seismic analyses of deep water pile foundation. The mathematical derivations of the potential-based formulations are presented for reference. The potential-based modeling technique is studied and validated through experimental data and analytical solutions. Earthquake time history analyses for a 9-pile foundation in dry and different water environments are conducted, respectively. The seismic responses are discussed to investigate the complex effect of earthquake-induced fluid-structure interaction. Through the analyses, the potential-based fluid and interface elements are shown to perform adequately for the seismic analyses of pile foundation-water systems, and some interesting conclusions and recommendations are drawn.
Highlights
Bridges are popular solutions for crossing gaps caused by rivers, reservoirs, straits, or bays
Previous research [6,7,8] showed that the interaction between the structure and the surrounding water might alter the dynamic characteristics, which may lead to additional dynamic forces
We introduce four boundary conditions for φ−u potential-based interface elements, which are commonly used for seismic analysis: (i) at the fluid-structure interface (Figure 1(a)):
Summary
Bridges are popular solutions for crossing gaps caused by rivers, reservoirs, straits, or bays These bridges usually have long spans and need to be supported by deep water foundations [1]. One of the common choices is using deep water pile foundations due to their low cost and ease of construction [2, 3] This type of foundation consists of piles, a concrete cap, and piers or towers, where piles and pile cap are usually immersed in the water [4, 5]. The earliest approaches to account for the hydrodynamic force on the cylindrical objects were drawn from experimental data and presented in terms of “added mass” [9]. The single pile problem has been studied thoroughly, the pile-group-water interaction is still hard to solve due to the mathematical difficulties in modelling the complex interfaces and boundaries
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