Abstract
Segetal flora of the Wigry National Park (Poland) was studied in the period 2008-2010 within an area occupied by 33 villages. The analysis was based on 195 phytosociological relevés taken in fields of cereal crops, root plants and in stubble fields. The total number of species recorded in agrocenoses was 181 and they represented 36 botanical families. The most numerous families were Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Brasicaceae. The segetal flora of the Wigry National Park included mostly native species of apophytes (53.6%) that predominated over anthropophytes. Among apophytes, meadow apophytes (35 species) and those from waterside habitats (26 species) were noted most often, archaeophytes (74 species) were predominant among anthropophytes, while epecophytes (9 species) and ergasiophytes (1 species) were much less abundant. Among the life forms analysed, therophytes (61.9%) predominated over hemicryptophytes (27.1%) and geophytes (11%). The number of short-lived species in the flora of this Park was much greater (68.5%) than that of perennial ones (31.5%). The flora of the Park included 31 rare species classified in different categories of threat. Among them, <i>Centaurium pulchellum</i> and <i>Centaurium erythraea</i> belong to fully protected species (Dz.U. (Polish Journal of Laws) 2004 No. 168, item 1764).
Highlights
The process of recession of many species has been observed in Poland for many years (Zarzycki and Kaźmierczakowa, 1993)
Over half of the species identified was found to be very rare or rare (102-56%). These were mostly the species coming from the neighbouring forest and meadow or ruderal communities, such as: Pimpinella saxifraga, Rumex acetosa, Stellaria graminea, Lathyrus pratensis, Torilis japonica
Troublesome field weeds represented by 21 species and accounting for 11.6% of the segetal flora of the Park, such as: Chenopodium album, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Cirsium arvense, Elymus repens and others were frequent
Summary
The process of recession of many species has been observed in Poland for many years (Zarzycki and Kaźmierczakowa , 1993). Protection Ministry, 2003), the most valuable components of agrocenoses are protected It seems that the protection of segetal weeds can be highly successful in national or landscape parks. A few reports have been devoted to the flora of agriculturally used fields within the areas of national parks or their protected zones (Trąba and Ziemińska , 1998; Jędruszczak and Owczarczuk , 2006; Sołtys , 2006). Crop fields are generally small and cultivated using traditional methods. They usually interact with plant communities characteristic of marshy, meadow, sward, forest and shrub habitats, which significantly enriches the flora of agrocenoses and allows conservation of a large group of weeds classified as rare at the regional or national level (Korniak , 1998; Warcholińska , 1994a). Agrophytocenoses are important components of the landscape of many national parks and occupy from 5% to about 35% of their area (Bomanowska , 2006; Ratuszniak and Sobisz , 2006; Sołtys , 2006)
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