Abstract
The rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market requires a robust and secure charging infrastructure, addressing cyber threats and security issues within Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS). This paper gives an insight into EV adoption and charging options such as Home-based charging systems, Public-based charging systems, and DC fast charging. An analysis of EVCS vulnerabilities, risks associated with EV user interfaces, network connections, and terminal maintenance are presented. Leveraging the STRIDE threat model, potential cyberattacks including various attack modes are identified and discussed. The paper proposes a range of countermeasures such as secure coding practices, tamper detection sensors, network segmentation, intrusion detection systems, and control mechanisms’ role-based access to fortify EV charging systems against these threats. This paper identifies security gaps in EV charging systems and proposes remedies that can be suitably modified for EVCS applications. Innovative solutions like Artificial Intelligence-Based Scheduling Models, Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates, and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) concepts are explored for enhanced security and efficiency. We present the security challenges in EVCS for the reliability, safety, and integrity of these systems and the countermeasures that can be adapted to EVCS.
Published Version
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