Abstract
This chapter deals with industrial waste water and effluent treatment. It mentions that a range of filters can be used to remove particles including bag filters, electrostatic precipitators, cyclones, and scrubbers. Acid gases can typically and efficiently be removed by gas scrubbing processes. Volatile organics can be removed by absorption, adsorption, thermal incineration, thermal oxidation, and catalytic incineration. In the treatment of liquid effluents, primarily waste waters, the type of pollutant or pollutants has a major bearing on the selection of treatment technologies. The chapter summarizes the classes of pollutants that are present in waters. It provides a list of some available technologies that can be used for pollution control, together with their effectiveness for various pollutants. These processes include a diverse range of procedures: biological processes, chemical processes of oxidation, reduction, incineration and physical separations of filtration, distillation, and stripping. The chapter classifies the existing technologies for the recovery of raw material into three categories: physical separations, component separations, and chemical transformations. It also provides a comparison of membrane separation technologies in waste treatment.
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