SEA-PORT CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE

Abstract

Problem Statement and Purpose. Any anthropogenic violation of the natural mode of development of the coastal zone of the sea causes a restructuring of the coastal system. Such an impact can lead to both positive and negative consequences. In order to foresee them in the process of monitoring and to maintain harmonious interaction between port hydraulic structures and elements of the sea coast is actual in the Black sea region. The purpose of the work is to assess the impact of port and coastal protection structures as different forms of relief on the nature of the coastal zone of the Black Sea and its possible transformation.Data & Methods. The basic data were received during coastal routes for cartographic development the Black Sea coasts between the Dnieper estuary and Danube delta. On constructed maps were represented different sea-ports in Ochakov, Yuzhniy, Odessa, Ill′ichevsk etc., the 9 ports in total. During geographical elaboration were considered shores, limans, submarine slopes and other elements of the Black Sea coast. Essential attention was devoted to navigation canals to different sea-ports. All the port′s constructions represented as artificial hydro technical forms of shore relief. The article is an introduction to the theory of anthropologic geomorphology.Results. Investigated port facilities are located in a harsh natural environment, with a different wave energy field, with various deposits of sediment, of various sizes and shapes. This creates a variety of reactions and consequences of the impact of buildings on the coastal zone and the coastal zone on the buildings. They are considered as artificial forms of relief of various types and different types in different conditions of exploitation for the further development of the provisions and the theory of anthropogenic geomorphology. Today, this theory develops on examples of those structures that are located on the land, so the conditions of the coastal zone are particularly important.Coastal and marine environment fundamentally differently influences the development of relief formation processes, it adds some original material to geomorphological developments. The fact is that there are two opposing environments – surface and underwater. Such conditions are no longer present in any part of the geographic shell. It should take into account the principle of the unity of the state of surface and underwater structures in whole or their parts within the engineering-organized geomorphological systems.