ПРОВІДНІ ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ БЕРЕГІВ В УВІГНУТИХ ДУГАХ НЕПРИПЛИВНОГО МОРЯ

Abstract

The purpose of this article is estimations regularities of morphology and dynamic different types of coastal arcs within coastal zone during newest time. The main objectives of the article are: a) analysis of published information and self original results during natural research along the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Baltic Sea coasts; b) content, estimation and consideration of shore sediment and relief in a arc coastal zone; c) composition and valuation of special illustration, maps and graphs; d) discussion and account of the general conclusions according aim of the manuscript. The object of the article is a coastal zone of the non-tidal with opened shore arcs (bays). The subject is research, cartography and estimation of coastal zone nature with opened shore arcs and receiving of scientific materials and its regularities. Data & Methods. As the starting materials for the research used information about the lithological and morphological characteristics of a number of beaches, of open coastal arcs – bays and gulfs of the Black and Baltic seas. Some of the investigated bays was mapping the route-forwarding methods. Another part of the coast is regularly measured by stationary method, which revealed the dynamics of the beaches. Additionally use information about beaches in the bays of other seas, which made it possible to carry out physical-geographical comparisons and establish a wide range of laws. Results are showed in illustrations and in conclusions of the article after geographical discussion and estimations. Around environment shore arcs variety located along coastal zone of different seas. The basical differences are genetic, morphometric, lithologic, dynamic features. Shore open arcs distinguished on: a) structural forms: its occupied natural depressions and characterized by endogenic genesis; b) sculpture forms: its elaborating by abrasion, denudation, weathering, fluvial processes. The beaches are most complicated accumulate forms. Also, the non-tidal Black Sea coast stand out by diversity of a shore arcs. Long time natural research of arc-beaches during every year showed a complicated regularities of distribution of Md, So, directing sediment fraction, and wide, high, incline of different beaches. At the same time, wind-wave flow of energy distribution, its dissipation above the submarine slope, genesis of sediment and its drifting within the coastal arcs. As a comparative material ware considered a several coastal arcs (coils) along shorelines of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. New scientific material was received about distribution of different the beach parameters within shore-arcs on a seas. The materials and conclusions can used during elaboration of industrial projects by sea-port, coastal protection, recreating buildings, transport hydrotechnical constructions, different communication across coastal zone from sea to land, and back.