Sandmeyer reactions. Part 6.1 A mechanistic investigation into the reduction and ligand transfer steps of Sandmeyer cyanation

Abstract

For Sandmeyer cyanation at 298 K in 50% v/v aqueous acetonitrile buffered at pH 8, absolute rate constants have been obtained for the reduction of 4-methoxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate by the cyanocuprate(I) anions CuI(CN)43−, CuI(NCMe)(CN)32− and CuI(NCMe)2(CN)2− as (0.50 ± 0.05), (0.12 ± 0.03) and 0.0 dm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The relative reactivity of the two reactive cyanocuprates reflects the estimated difference in their standard reduction potentials. Ligand transfer to the aryl radical from the cyanocuprate(II) anions produced in the reaction occurs within the solvent cage. By use of radical clocks, first order rate constants of the order of 1 × 108 s−1 for ligand transfer between the caged reactants can be evaluated although the transfer rate may vary from one aryl radical to another. No difference was discerned in ligand transferring reactivity between the two cyanocuprate(II) complexes involved.