SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS

Abstract

In recent years, substantial research has been devoted to the development of new liquid-liquid microextraction methods for sample preparation. These microextration methods were performed by several techniques such as: liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) or membrane-assisted solvent extraction (MASE), hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), single drop-phase microextraction (SDME), liquid-liquid-liquid-microextraction (LLLME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), and ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLM). For performance extraction, increasing the ultrasound field utilized techniques such as: ultrasound-asisted liquid phase microextraction (ULPME), ultrasound-asisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction (UILDLPM), ultrasound-asisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UDLLME), and ultrasound-asisted headspace liquid-phase microextraction (UHS-LPME) for extraction from a complex matrix. Also, microwave field was used for solid sample preparation improvement. Other techniques such as solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME,) and stir bar solvent extraction (SBSE) were frequently used in liquid sample preparation. The bests results were obtained after careful optimization.