Abstract
Saliva is easy to access, non-invasive and a useful source of information useful for the diagnosis of serval inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Following the advent of genomic technologies and -omic research, studies based on saliva testing have rapidly increased and human salivary proteome has been partially characterized. As a proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available, the most common aim of the proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. The salivary proteome has been initially investigated in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Otherwise, salivary proteomics studies in the dermatological field are still in the initial phase, thus the aim of this review is to collect the best research evidence on the role of saliva proteomics analysis in immune-mediated skin diseases to understand the direction of research in this field. The results of PRISMA analysis reported herein suggest that human saliva analysis could provide significant data for the diagnosis and prognosis of several immune-mediated and inflammatory skin diseases in the next future.
Highlights
Salivary proteome analysis has progressively evolved in different biomedical fields of research such as genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and dentistry [1,2] in the last decade [3,4].Several data from the literature have been reported on the opportunity to recur to saliva firstly as a diagnostic fluid to detect oral diseases such as periodontitis [5], oral squamous cell carcinoma [1,2], burning mouth syndrome [6] and Sjögren’s syndrome [7]
This review emphasizes the great potential of saliva proteomics analysis in a large number of heterogeneous skin inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases
It can be inferred that saliva could represent a useful and easy to obtain biological fluid in order to evaluate how inflammatory status can changes in the human organism in course of skin IMID
Summary
Salivary proteome analysis has progressively evolved in different biomedical fields of research such as genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and dentistry [1,2] in the last decade [3,4].Several data from the literature have been reported on the opportunity to recur to saliva firstly as a diagnostic fluid to detect oral diseases such as periodontitis [5], oral squamous cell carcinoma [1,2], burning mouth syndrome [6] and Sjögren’s syndrome [7]. Salivary proteome analysis has progressively evolved in different biomedical fields of research such as genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and dentistry [1,2] in the last decade [3,4]. The saliva proteome has already been used to evaluate its change in immunemediated inflammatory systemic diseases, e.g., diabetes mellitus [8], cystic fibrosis [9], Parkinson disease [10], and multiple sclerosis [11], revealing the great potential of proteomics in biomarker identification and providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying several systemic diseases. The most common aim of the proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions, in this view, the purpose of this PRISMA review is to briefly describe the most salient aspects of current proteomic researches carried out on human saliva in inflammatory and immune-mediated skin diseases, with particular regard to its potential use as a diagnostic fluid. Over 70% of the DNA is human, with the remaining 30% belonging to the oral microbiota [14]
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