Ruina(a ruin), ruiny(ruins), rujnować(to ruin). Delimitation of units and characteristics of notions

Abstract

The aim of this article is the delimitation and semantic analysis of language units represented in the contemporary Polish language by the forms ruina (a ruin), ruiny (ruins), rujnować(to ruin). The text is situated in the steam of structuralist linguistics, and more specifically in reducƟ on semantics.The outcome of the conducted analysis is the identification of both verbal units in the form of [ktośi] zrujnował [kogośj], [ktośi] zrujnował się na [cośj], [ktośi] zrujnował[cośj], [ktośi] obrócił[cośj] w ruinę and nominal units in the form of ruiny [czegośi], as well as three expressions associated with the form ruina, namely the specific noun ruina and the abstract nouns ruina[kogośj] and ruina [czegośj].The author describes the semantic propertied of the distinguished lexemes and formulates an explication of the notions assigned to them.