Role of Integrity in Relation with Negative Emotions and Behavioral Problems among University Students

Background: The individual's behaviors and attitudes are the outcome of one’s feelings and emotions related to life. This study was aimed to understand the role of guilt in the relationship of negative emotions with aggression, bullying, and shyness among university students (N = 270) through cross sectional research design. Methods: The current study was comprised of two phases: in phase I. Guilt and shame proneness scale (Cohen, Wolf, Panter, & Insko, 2011), Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (Gross & John, 1997), Aggression Scale (Orpinas & Frankowski, 2001), and Shyness Scale (Cheek & Melichor, 1985) were translated in Urdu for present study through the back-translation method. An Urdu translated version of the Illinois Bullying Scale (Espelage & Holt, 2001) translated by Shujja and Atta (2013) was also used to measure the pertinent construct. Results: Phase-II was carried out to test study hypotheses through correlation coefficient and Hierarchical regression to study the moderating effect of guilt. Findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between aggression and bullying. A high level of guilt significantly moderated the relationship between negative emotions and aggression. Conclusions: The current study focused on the role of guilt in the relationship of negative emotions with aggression, bullying, and shyness. The present study indicated that guilt has a negative relation with negative emotions, aggression, bullying and shyness. Aggression was found positively correlated with bullying and shyness. Limitations, suggestions, and practical implications were also thoroughly discussed

Background: Prevailing literature supported the relationship among deliberate self-harm, depression, and mood swings, a noticeable risk variable of suicide in youth. The purpose of present study was to examine the potential mediation of suicidal ideation in the relationship among deliberate self-harm, depression, positive and negative affect in male and female university students. However, there is a lack of clarity and scarcity of previous studies on above subject matter globally. Methods: In present study, a purposive sampling technique and cross-sectional design were used. 200 university students with self-harm tendency, age ranged from 18 to 24 (M = 20.15, SD = 10.02) years, they were enrolled from different public and private universities of twin’s cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2020. Four instruments, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Inventory of Statement about Self-Injury (ISAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were used to examine deliberate self-harm, suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, stress, negative and positive affect in university students. Results: The results of study revealed that suicidal ideation was positively significantly associated with deliberate self-harm, depression and stress in university students. Further, deliberate self-harm was positively significantly associated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, this study revealed that suicidal ideation partial mediated between deliberate self-harm and positive affect in male university students. Conclusions: The findings of present study recommended that both deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation could be stimulated mental health problems including stress, depression, and mood swings in university students. Moreover, this study illustrated the need for early screening of deliberate self-harm to prevent and tackle the risk of mental health issues including suicidal ideation, depression and moods swings.

Negative emotionality, as well as attachment security and disorganization, are seen as major contributors to social adjustment and maladjustment in childhood. However, relatively little is known about whether infant negative emotionality and attachment quality operate together to affect developing behavior problems. The present study thus aims to contribute to this question. Participants were 64 healthy firstborn children and their primary caregivers. Negative emotionality was assessed at the infant ages of 4, 8, and 12 months using laboratory routines. At 18 months, the Strange Situation procedure was conducted to assess infant attachment security and disorganization, and at 30 months, the child's behavior problems were assessed within a structured clinical interview. Attachment security and attachment disorganization were significantly associated with subsequent behavior problems. There was no significant relation between infant negative emotionality and behavior problems. However, there were indications of a stronger association between attachment disorganization and behavior problems in infants high in negative emotionality. The results underpin the importance of attachment quality as well as negative emotionality in social adjustment. Disorganized attachment precedes poor adjustment, especially in infants high in negative emotionality.

Conduct problems (CP) in patients with disruptive behavior disorders have been linked to impaired prefrontal processing of negative facial affect compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affective face processing hold along the CP dimension in a healthy population sample, and how subcortical processing is affected. We measured functional brain responses during negative affective face processing in 1444 healthy adolescents [M = 14.39 years (SD = 0.40), 51.5% female] from the European IMAGEN multicenter study. To determine the effects of CP, we applied a two-step approach: (a) testing matched subgroups of low versus high CP, extending into the clinical range [N = 182 per group, M = 14.44 years, (SD = 0.41), 47.3% female] using analysis of variance, and (b) considering (non)linear effects along the CP dimension in the full sample and in the high CP group using multiple regression. We observed no significant cortical or subcortical effect of CP group on brain responses to negative facial affect. In the full sample, regression analyses revealed a significant linear increase of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity with increasing CP up to the clinical range. In the high CP group, a significant inverted u-shaped effect indicated that left OFC responses decreased again in individuals with high CP. Left OFC activity during negative affective processing which is increasing with CP and decreasing in the highest CP range may reflect on the importance of frontal control mechanisms that counteract the consequences of severe CP by facilitating higher social engagement and better evaluation of social content in adolescents.

High levels of infant negative affect are associated with behavior problems in toddlerhood, which in turn are a risk factor for chronic behavior problems throughout childhood, especially in the context of poor parenting and psychosocial risk. Studies suggest that sensitive parenting may buffer temperamental risk in infancy by supporting self-regulation and emotion regulation (Gottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1997). Parental reflective functioning (RF) (Slade, 2005) underlies sensitivity and is a target for early interventions aimed at supporting parenting and child development. In this study, we examine whether RF-that is, the capacity of a parent to put oneself in the mind of the other (child) and see the child's behaviors as driven by his/her mental state-will protect against the effects of infant negative affect on toddler behavior problems after controlling for psychosocial risk.Early Onset of Behavior ProblemsBehavior problems in early childhood may originate from temperamental risk that is exacerbated by other parenting and psychosocial risks. Behavior problems are described in two broad domains-internalizing behavior and externalizing behavior-and each type can follow different developmental trajectories. Internalizing behavior problems have been defined as behaviors directed inward toward the self. Evidence suggests that children with internalizing behavior problems are often identified as being socially withdrawn in interactions with peers and teachers (Eisenberg et al., 2001) and are at risk for later psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. Externalizing behavior problems are defined as problematic behaviors, including hyperactivity and increased levels of aggression, directed toward the external environment (Achenbach, 1992). Some children exhibit internalizing and externalizing disorders simultaneously. One typical trajectory of behavior problems peaks in toddlerhood and decreases throughout preschool (Alink et al., 2006; Hill, Degnan, Calkins, & Keane, 2006; Tremblay, 2004). Whereas some problem behaviors during this period are developmentally appropriate, as many as 25% of young children exhibit clinically significant levels of behavior problems, and a subgroup of these children struggle with chronic behavior problems (Campbell, 1995). It is important to understand factors that predict high and chronic levels of behavior problems in childhood because they are targets for early intervention. Infants with high levels of negative affect may be regarded as showing a difficult temperament and may be at risk for early-onset behavior problems.Infant Temperament and Behavior ProblemsTemperament is involved in personality and behavior (Nigg, 2006). Infant temperament has been described as a biologically engrained pattern of behavior associated with an individual's reactivity and ability to endure new situations, people, and experiences (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981). Several studies suggest three overarching dimensions of infant and toddler temperament: extroversion-surgency, negative affect, and effortful control (Casalin, Luyten, Vliegen, & Meurs, 2012; Gartstein, Knyazev, & Slobodskaya, 2005; Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003). Casalin and colleagues (2012) found that these dimensions of temperament demonstrated stability over a 1-year period from infancy to toddlerhood. Further, dimensions of infant temperament have been linked to later personality traits and psychopathology. High levels of negative affect, in particular, have been linked to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in childhood and more serious behavioral and emotional problems over time, including antisocial behavior throughout adulthood (Caspi, Henry, McGee, Moffitt, & Silva, 1995; Egger & Angold, 2006; Eisenberg et al., 2000; Gartstein, Putnam, & Rothbart, 2012; Morris et al., 2002; Rubin, Burgess, Dwyer, & Hastings, 2003). The negative-affect dimension includes negative emotions such as fear, anger, frustration, and sadness (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981). …

Previous studies have demonstrated a linear relationship between self‐control and emotional and behavioural problems. However, some scholars have assumed that both under‐control and over‐control may result in undesired problems, which implies a U‐shaped relationship between them. This issue was reexamined in three Chinese samples in the present study. Self‐report measures that conceptually assessed self‐control and emotional (i.e. depression and negative emotion) and behavioural (i.e. rule‐breaking behaviour, aggression and counterproductive work behaviour) problems were administered to adolescents (N = 885), university students (N = 671) and employees (N = 500). Results of piecewise linear regression show that there were significant quadratic effects of self‐control on emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents and on behavioural problems in employees, but no significant U‐shaped associations between them were found. Implications for future studies are discussed.

“We cannot stop smoking”: Female university students' experiences and perceptions

It is important for tourism online marketplace to ensure potential tourists continually use their services as an alternative to find and purchase travel packages. Hence, the factors that influence customers’ negative behaviors, such as switching intention, complaints, and negative WOM are critical to be understood. This research explores the antecedents of tourist customers’ negative behaviors, using expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) as its theoretical lens, and IS success model as the initial quality precursors. The research gathered 81 sample, whom were active users of a tourism eMarketplace from the greater Jakarta region. The quantitative data was then analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that quality disconfirmation served as a key antecedent of customers’ negative emotions, which in turn will lead to their negative behaviors. More specifically, disconfirmation in information quality may prompt customers’ regret, which then leads to negative WOM. Finally, systems quality disconfirmation triggers customers’ anger, which then elicits a number of negative behaviors such as switching intention, complaints and negative WOM.

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a form of primary prevention for cervical cancer. The HPV vaccination rate of female university students is not high in Korea and China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and compare the factors associated with intention to receive HPV vaccination between Korean and Chinese female university students.MethodsThe participants were 273 Korean and 317 Chinese female university students who had not been vaccinated for HPV, and data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire about attitudes toward HPV vaccination, HPV knowledge, perceptions of HPV infection, and intention to receive HPV vaccine.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the Korean and Chinese female university students in HPV knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and vaccination intention. The factors influencing the intention of HPV vaccination in Korean students were a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccine and a high HPV knowledge score. For Chinese students, sexual experience, awareness of genital warts, a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccine, a high HPV knowledge scores, a perception of the seriousness of HPV infection, and negative emotions regarding HPV infection were significant factors.ConclusionsIt is important to improve attitudes and knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine in order to enhance HPV vaccination both in Korea and China. Perceived seriousness and negative emotions regarding HPV infection should be used as a framework to develop subject-tailored interventions in China.

Behavioral problems are more prevalent in children belonging to conflictual families. Therefore, the aims of current study encompass to explore the potential links between interparental conflict and behavior problems and whether this relationship is mediated by negative emotions. A cross-sectional research design was implemented to recruit 200 participants within age range of 15-20 years, having a mean age of 18.75 years (SD = 1.15) conveniently. The main standardized assessment tools administered in this study were Child Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPICS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule- Short Form (PANAS-SF) and Behavior Problem Scale (BPS). Results revealed that interparental conflict was significantly linked with negative emotions and behavior problems respectively. Furthermore, interparental conflict and negative emotions were significantly predicting behavior problems in the recruited adolescents. Mediation analysis indicated that negative emotions were significantly mediating the association between interparental conflict and behavior problems. Results of the current study are discussed in the light of relevant literature.

PurposeUnlike previous studies that examine the role of different entrepreneurial ecosystem factors in predicting entrepreneurial intentions. The purpose of this study is to explain the direct effects of entrepreneurial ecosystem factors effecting entrepreneurial intentions and configurational combinations of entrepreneurial ecosystem factors that cause high or low entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThe study used structured survey-questionnaire based data collected from 310 female students enrolled in different universities in Saudi Arabia. The study used symmetric analysis using structural equation modeling technique, whereas asymmetric analysis is performed using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, necessary condition analysis is also used to identify the role of different entrepreneurial ecosystem factors in increasing and/or decreasing entrepreneurial intentions among young Saudi women.FindingsThe results of symmetrical analysis show that access to finance, access to physical infrastructure, and cultural factors are not significantly associated with entrepreneurial intentions, whereas government policies and regulations, government programs and support, social factors and entrepreneurship education and training are significantly associated with the development of entrepreneurial intentions among female Saudi university students. While the result of asymmetrical analysis provides 15 configurational models that explains the high levels of certain factors to predict entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, social support is found as necessary condition in majority of models to predict high levels of entrepreneurial intentions among female Saudi university students.Practical implicationsThe results of the study provide empirical evidence to policymakers in Saudi Arabia. The study proposes that it is not mandatory that the high levels of all entrepreneurial ecosystem factors are important to predict high entrepreneurial intentions, rather in some conditions the low levels of certain factors are obligatory to predict high levels of entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueTwo-step mix-method approach is used in this study containing analysis of symmetric within entrepreneurial ecosystem increase or decrease entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia. There has been plenty of research that examines the role of entrepreneurial ecosystem factors in development of university students’ entrepreneurial intentions, however there is less research evident in the entrepreneurship literature that examine the configurational effects of factors within entrepreneurial ecosystem in increasing and/or decreasing entrepreneurial intentions among female university students.

Negative emotionality is considered to be the core of the difficult temperament concept (J. E. Bates, 1989; R. L. Shiner, 1998). In this correlational study, the authors examined whether the relations between children's negative emotionality and problematic behavior (internalizing and externalizing) were partially mediated by parenting style (authoritative and authoritarian) in a community sample of 196 3-year-old children and their mothers. The authors assessed maternal perception of child negative emotionality using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (M. K. Rothbart, S. A. Ahadi, K. L. Hershey, & P. Fisher, 2001) and assessed problematic child behavior by means of maternal report using the Child Behavior Checklist (T. M. Achenbach, 1992). The results showed that the relations between child negative emotionality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors were partially mediated by mothers' authoritative parenting style. Moreover, when the authors used confirmatory factor analysis to decontaminate possible overlap in item content between measures assessing temperament and problematic behavior, the association between negative emotionality and internalizing behavior was fully mediated by authoritative parenting.

Background: Eating disorders are disturbances that result in severe and long-lasting abnormal eating patterns and consequences to a variety of physical and psychological components of health. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of risks for eating disorders among Emirati female undergraduate university students at higher colleges in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, a total of 501 university students were recruited conveniently to participate in this study (the response rate was 90%). A questionnaire consisting of demographical and eating pattern sections and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) (Arabic version) were used and shared online with the university students using Google Forms. This study was conducted in the spring semester of 2020/2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. Results: The prevalence of female university students with risks of eating disorders was 13.97%. The most frequent (13.6%) statement chosen by university students was “I am terrified of being overweight.” Almost 50% of the university students were not satisfied with their weight and 48.1% were dissatisfied with their physical appearance. Only 8.18% of the female university students have a family history of eating disorders and 8.98% were confirmed cases of eating disorders. Yet, the study revealed no statistically significant correlations between age (r= 0.036, P= 0.416), body mass index (r= 0.015, P= 0.734) or meals/day (r= -0.076, P= 0.087) and EAT-26 scores. Conclusions: The risks of eating disorders in the current study were lower compared to those obtained by previous studies. Regardless of that, the awareness regarding eating disorders is required by multiple education programs utilizing reading materials, online education sessions, games, mass media and social communication methods. Implications for Nursing: Extended community-based educational programs are suggested to enhance female university students’ knowledge about EDs, their consequences on health and methods to promote healthy eating habits and positive attitudes toward body image. Keywords: Eating disorders, Higher colleges, University students, United Arab Emirates, Female adolescents, Anorexia nervosa, EAT-26.

Age difference in the etiology of the relationship between childhood negative emotionality (NE) and conduct problems (CP) has not been previously investigated. Mothers of 662 pairs of twins completed questions on the emotionality (NE) scale of the EAS temperament survey and the CP scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) via a telephone interview. Twin data were analyzed separately in younger (ages 3 to 7 years; mostly pre-schoolers) and older children (ages 8 to 13 years; mostly elementary school children). The phenotypic correlation between NE and CP increased from 0.33 among younger twins to 0.43 among older twins. Bivariate model-fitting analysis was performed to determine age difference in the etiology of the relationship between NE and CP. Among younger twins, the correlation between NE and CP was entirely explained by additive genetic factors common to NE and CP. Among older children, however, a small but significant amount of unique environmental correlation emerged to account for about 47% of the phenotypic correlation between NE and CP. The remaining 53% of the phenotypic correlation was due to shared additive genetic factors. We speculate that environmental factors associated with school adjustment may exert influences on the relationship between NE and CP among elementary school children.

Dysmenorrhea, a common concern among female college students, is closely linked to anxiety and depression, particularly during the early menstrual phase (the first one to two days of menstruation), when cramping pain in the lower abdomen and other discomforts occur. This study aims to assess the current status of dysmenorrhea and negative emotions among female college students and explore the factors influencing the relationship between menstrual pain and negative emotions. A total of 1,117 female college students with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea (based on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ≥ 4) were recruited from five universities in Guangdong Province through purposive and convenience sampling to complete an online survey between August and October 2024. Data were collected using multiple standardized scales. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationships between variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of variables with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) identified through one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-tests, and correlation analysis on psychological levels. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to explore mediating effects. This study shows that dysmenorrhea symptoms, health literacy, self-care ability, and negative emotions are significantly correlated. Health literacy and self-care ability play a chain mediating role between dysmenorrhea symptoms and negative emotions, with a mediating effect of 0.026, accounting for 4.87% of the total effect. The findings suggests that health literacy and self-care ability play a chain-mediating role between dysmenorrhea symptoms and negative emotions. It provides new insights for intervening in emotional issues related to dysmenorrhea in female college students. Universities and healthcare institutions should focus on enhancing health literacy and self-care abilities among female college students, offering effective health education and resources to help them better manage menstrual pain and reduce anxiety and depression.