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Abstract
Aim: To investigate the role of immunotherapy in the overall survival (OS) of gastrointestinal cancer patients who have liver metastases at the time of the primary site cancer diagnosis.Materials & methods: Survival outcome was compared between groups with immunotherapy and groups without immunotherapy.Results: Chemoimmunotherapy was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.768; 95% CI 0.739-0.800; p<0.001) compared with chemotherapy alone. Radiotherapy to the primary site plus chemoimmunotherapy was also associated with improved OS (HR 0.796; 95% CI 0.705-0.898; p<0.001) compared to chemoradiation. Chemoimmunotherapy with radiotherapy to metastatic sites (except liver)was associated with improved OS (HR 0.771; 95% CI 0.706-0.842; p<0.001) compared to chemoradiation.Conclusion: Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy or chemoradiation was associated with improved OS compared with chemotherapy or chemoradiation without immunotherapy.
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