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Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional cells that have cytotoxic proinflammatory activities and stimulate CD4+ T-cells in experimental models of allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophils, when exposed to antigens, are activated, expressing the CD38/CD69 molecules and exhibited increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), CD80 and CD86, suggesting they play a role upon Toxocara canis antigen stimulation. In the present study, we evaluated the profile of eosinophils using conventional and image flow cytometry upon experimental T. canis infection. T. canis antigens induced a robust activation on this subset, contributing to the immune responses elicited in the experimental model for T. canis-associated visceral larva migrans syndrome. Data analysis demonstrated that, during murine T. canis infection, eosinophils from peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow presented upregulated expression of CD69/MHC-II/CD80/CD86. As opposed to splenic and bone marrow eosinophils, circulating eosinophils had increased expression of activation markers upon T. canis infection. The enhanced connectivity between eosinophils and T-cells in T. canis-infected mice in all three compartments (peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow) also supports the hypothesis that eosinophils may adopt a role during T. canis infection. Moreover, in vitro T. canis antigen stimulation resulted in activation and upregulation of co-stimulatory-related molecules by bone marrow-derived eosinophils. Our findings are evidence of activation and upregulation of important activation and co-stimulatory-related molecules in eosinophils and suggest a reshape of activation hierarchy toward eosinophils during experimental T. canis infection.
Highlights
Eosinophils are multifunctional cells that have both cytotoxic and proinflammatory activities
Siglec-F+ eosinophils, F4/80+ monocytes, CD19+ B-cells, and CD3+ T-cells were evaluated in three different compartments in mice infected with T. canis as well as non-infected control (NI)
In CD19+ B-cells, T. canis infection promotes a significant decrease in CD80 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) expression along with an increase in CD86 on B-cells, when comparing with the control group (Figure 2—upper panels)
Summary
Eosinophils are multifunctional cells that have both cytotoxic and proinflammatory activities. When activated, these cells migrate to lymph nodes and activate CD4+ T-cells at paracortical zones [1, 2]. In the initial phase of infection, eosinophils are able to capture helminthic antigens and Phenotypic Activation of Eosinophils migrate to T cell-rich regions, and present antigen to trigger specific responses [9, 10]. In this phase, there is increased influx of newly differentiated eosinophils from the bone marrow to peripheral blood and tissues. In steady-state, bone marrow hematopoietic cells give rise to eosinophil precursor cells and their differentiation and proliferation are regulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukins such as IL-3 and IL-5 [11]
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