Abstract
<p><em>Tetragonula laeviceps</em> (Smith) is one of the most common species of stingless bees in Indonesia. However, only few publications available on the flight activity rhythms of the species. Research was conducted with the objectives to determine flight activity of <em>T. laeviceps</em> in relation to daily times and various weather elements. Three colonies of <em>T. laeviceps</em> were observed hourly for 5 minutes beginning at 06.00 a.m. until 06.00 p.m. Number of bees entering with pollen or resin, as well as exiting with waste were counted. Flight activity was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001) among times of day. The preferential times (acrophases) of flight activities occurred at afternoon (11 a.m. to 12 a.m.). Number of entrance and exit flights positively correlated (moderate) with temperature and light intensity, while negatively correlated (moderate) with relative humidity. </p>
Highlights
Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith) is one of the most common species of stingless bees in Indonesia
Research was conducted with the objectives to determine flight activity of T. laeviceps in relation to daily times and various weather elements
Three colonies of T. laeviceps were observed hourly for 5 minutes beginning at 06.00 a.m. until 06.00 p.m
Summary
Penyiapan koloni teuweul T. laeviceps Penelitian dilaksanakan selama bulan Oktober. 2015. Pengamatan meliputi banyaknya teuweul yang keluar dan masuk sarang, membuang sampah, membawa polen, atau membawa resin. Ritme aktivitas penerbangan harian Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa banyaknya teuweul yang keluar dan masuk sarang tidak berbeda nyata (P > 0,05) antara hari tanpa hujan dan hari ada hujan. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap data gabungan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh ritme aktivitas penerbangan T. laeviceps (keluar-masuk sarang, membawa polen, nektar, resin, membuang sampah) berbeda sangat nyata (P < 0,001) di antara jam-jam pengamatan (Tabel 1). Banyaknya individu teuweul yang membawa nektar tertinggi terjadi pada pukul 11:00 hingga pukul 13:00 WIB, sedangkan yang membawa polen atau resin cenderung berfluktuasi. Akrofase aktivitas membawa nektar (pukul 11:18 WIB), membawa polen (pukul 11:29 WIB), membawa resin (pukul 11:30 WIB), dan membuang sampah (pukul 11:28 WIB) terjadi hampir bersamaan, dengan selisih waktu antara 1–12 menit.
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