Ring Rot Bacterium: An Overview of Its General Characteristics, Pathogenicity Factors and Detection Methods

Abstract

The aim of this literature review is to provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of known pathogenicity factors implicated in ring rot disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis sepedonicus (Cms). Several genetic determinants with possible functions in plant-pathogen interaction were identified. Functional analysis of genes involved in pathogenicity offered us some clues regarding the infectious process. Successful eradication of the ring rot disease relies on prevention by the exclusive use of certified, ring rot-free seed potatoes, sanitation and early detection. An important factor that contributed to the persistence of the ring rot disease in potato cultivation areas in northern Europe and North America is the occurrence of latent infections and limitation of detection technique. Early detection of the bacterium is a fundamental element of eradication program; however, screening tests do not provide the needed information about the potential pathogenicity or virulence of the detected bacteria. Recently developed molecular based detection protocols were demonstrated to be fast, sensitive and specific. Their use could improve the first line screening for ring rot in potato tubers. We anticipate that further genomic studies will allow the identification of pathogenicity or virulence markers useful in the advancement of new diagnostic tools as alternative strategies to the time-consuming pathogenicity tests.