Abstract
Rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles were embedded in the mesopores of TUD-1 siliceous material and denoted as Rh-TUD-1. Five samples of Rh-TUD-1 were prepared with different loadings of Rh that ranged from 0.1 to 2 wt% using the sol-gel technique. The prepared samples were characterized by means of several chemical and physical techniques. The obtained characterization results show the formation of highly distributed Rh0 nanoparticles with an average size ranging from 3 to 5 nm throughout the three-dimensional silica matrix of TUD-1. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated in the solvent-free hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane at room temperature using 1atm of hydrogen gas. The obtained catalytic results confirm the high activity of Rh-TUD-1, in which a turn over frequency (TOF) ranging from 4.94 to 0.54 s−1 was obtained. Moreover, the change in reaction temperature during the reaction was monitored, and it showed an obvious increase in the reaction temperature as an indication of the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the reactions. Other optimization parameters, such as the substrate/catalyst ratio, and performing the reaction under non-ambient conditions (temperature = 60 °C and hydrogen pressure = 5 atm) were also investigated. Rh-TUD-1 exhibited a high stability in a consecutive reaction of five runs under either ambient or non-ambient conditions.
Highlights
IntroductionThe catalytic hydrogenation of double bonds in alkenes is an essential process for both fundamental and applied studies on hydrocarbon conversion chemistry and other chemical industries [1,2,3]
The catalytic hydrogenation of double bonds in alkenes is an essential process for both fundamental and applied studies on hydrocarbon conversion chemistry and other chemical industries [1,2,3].The hydrogenation reactions of cycloalkenes have been widely used as model reactions for fundamental investigations of catalysis and examining the catalytic activity of newly developed heterogeneous catalysts [3,4]
The amount of Rh in the prepared Rh-TUD-1 samples was calculated using the inductive coupled plasma (ICP) technique, and the obtained results are compared with the amount of Rh in the synthesis mixture in Figure 1a and theinobtained are compared with thethat amount ofcontent
Summary
The catalytic hydrogenation of double bonds in alkenes is an essential process for both fundamental and applied studies on hydrocarbon conversion chemistry and other chemical industries [1,2,3]. The hydrogenation reactions of cycloalkenes have been widely used as model reactions for fundamental investigations of catalysis and examining the catalytic activity of newly developed heterogeneous catalysts [3,4]. Cyclohexane, the product of cyclohexene hydrogenation, is a critical intermediate in the nylon industry [5,6]. The hydrogenation of cycloalkenes has been widely studied using supported noble metals and metal oxides [9,10,11]
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