Revising the role of belowground fungi in pentachlorophenol pollution management: insights from Tunisian cork oak forests

Abstract

This summarizes the doctoral thesis “Belowground fungi are key sentinels in forest soils vulnerable to pentachlorophenol pollution: a mechanistic study in Quercus suber forests”. The PhD degree was awarded by ITQB NOVA in March 2018. It comprises a revision of the major issues, objectives, methodology and results, as well as a few possible recommendations for future work on bioremediation of halogenated aromatic pollutants. The working hypothesis of the thesis proposed that soils in Tunisian cork oak forests are likely contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP), a persistent organic pollutant (POP). This hypothesis is based on frequent reports of cork contamination with pentachloroanisole (PCA), which is likely formed through microbial conversion of PCP. Furthermore, PCP was considered a suitable model for investigating the role of soil mycobiota in pollution management due to its ability to travel long distances in the atmosphere, partition favourably into the soil layer, and moderate abiotic resistance, besides its life-threatening toxicity. Finally, fungi play a key role in colonizing soil in cork oak forests. These concepts have been applied in the "Preventive and remediation strategies for continuous elimination of polychlorinated phenols from forest soil" project (SfP-NATO 981674, 2006-2011). Overall the major findings of the study include the demonstration of the prevalence of PCP in the soils of Tunisian cork oak forests. Additionally, the study elucidated both the significance and impact of fungal activity in the mitigation and dispersion of PCP.