Abstract
The review paper focuses on utilizing various sea shell ashes, including cockle, clam, oyster, mollusc, periwinkle, snail, and green mussel shell ash, as partial replacements for cement. It aims to promote environmental sustainability and mitigate the issues associated with global warming. Cement production is known to have significant environmental impacts across all stages, including air pollution through dust and gases, as well as noise and vibration during quarrying and milling processes. One proposed solution is the adoption of modified cement, which refers to cementitious materials designed to match or surpass the performance of Portland cement while incorporating recycled and waste materials, thereby reducing the demand for raw materials and promoting sustainability in construction. Utilizing sea shell ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete has the potential to yield substantial energy savings and offer significant environmental advantages. Previous investigations have explored the chemical and mechanical properties of concrete produced with sea shell ash replacements, including specific gravity, chemical composition, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results indicate that the optimal replacement percentage for sea shell ash in cement lies within the range of 4–5%.
Published Version
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