Abstract
Cytology is a science of cells that is used to differentiate between normal cells, neoplastic cells and inflamed cells. It has great acceptance than any other diagnostic methods due to its quickness, inexpensiveness and simplicity. It uses the techniques such as fine needle aspiration, impression, scraping, swabs, centesis and catheterization for sample collection. Also slide preparation uses a simple technique such as squash, blood smear; needle spread and line smear techniques. What makes cytology unique is that it can tell us the result of the diseases while the patient is with us. This science has also wide application on determining the external and internal diseases including neoplastic diseases. In case of neoplastic diseases it is important to differentiate between neoplastic nucleus, neoplastic cytoplasm and neoplastic structure of different cells with their normal cells. In addition to these, it also used in direct therapy, to form prognosis and to determinate next diagnostic procedures. Character of the lesion and tissue sampled play pivotal roles in the diagnostic value of cytology. Familiarity with preferred sampling methods and reported accuracy is critical for veterinary practitioners and sample of good quality is imperative. Different specimen sampling methods and specimen processing methods should be properly practiced.
Highlights
The history of diagnostic cytology is like a winding road with many obstacles, but to the attentive traveler–the historian–brightly illuminated directional signs and familiar names are visible in the distance
Diagnostic cytology is the science of interpretation of cells that are either exfoliated from epithelial surfaces or removed from various tissues [10,11]
Cytology is an inexpensive yet powerful diagnostic tool that allows for rapid diagnosis of many common diseases
Summary
The history of diagnostic cytology is like a winding road with many obstacles, but to the attentive traveler–the historian–brightly illuminated directional signs and familiar names are visible in the distance. Johannes Müller (1801-1858), a pathologist in Berlin, was the first, in 1838, to show cancer cells as they appeared in the microscope on scrapings from the cut surface of surgically excised tumors. Diagnostic cytology is the science of interpretation of cells that are either exfoliated from epithelial surfaces or removed from various tissues [10,11]. It is a core veterinary pathology service involving specimens from domestic animals, laboratory animals, and exotic species. ; the objective of this review is: To compile, summarize and highlight the techniques and applications of diagnostic cytology in veterinary medicine
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