Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology shows immense interest in various areas of research and applications, including biotechnology, biomedical sciences, nanomedicine, and veterinary medicine. Studies and application of nanotechnology was explored very extensively in the human medical field and also studies undertaken in rodents extensively, still either studies or applications in veterinary medicine is not up to the level when compared to applications to human beings. The application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively innovative. Recently, in the era of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine also entered into a new phase and incredible transformations. Nanotechnology has tremendous and potential influence not only the way we live, but also on the way that we practice veterinary medicine and increase the safety of domestic animals, production, and income to the farmers through use of nanomaterials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnology is being used to enhance the animal growth promotion, and production. To achieve these, nanoparticles are used as alternative antimicrobial agents to overcome the usage alarming rate of antibiotics, detection of pathogenic bacteria, and also nanoparticles being used as drug delivery agents as new drug and vaccine candidates with improved characteristics and performance, diagnostic, therapeutic, feed additive, nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, reproductive aids, and finally to increase the quality of food using various kinds of functionalized nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles. It seems that nanotechnology is ideal for veterinary applications in terms of cost and the availability of resources. The main focus of this review is describes some of the important current and future principal aspects of involvement of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine. However, we are not intended to cover the entire scenario of Veterinary Medicine, despite this review is to provide a glimpse at potential important targets of nanotechnology in the field of Veterinary Medicine. Considering the strong potential of the interaction between the nanotechnology and Veterinary Medicine, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of the advances of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine, in terms of their potential application of various kinds of nanoparticles, secondly we discussed role of nanomaterials in animal health and production, and finally we discussed conclusion and future perspectives of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine.
Highlights
In the present status of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine will enter a phase of new and incredible transformations
Based on the literature considering into account, this review focused on the basic principles behind the use of very commonly used nanoparticles for antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, diagnostics, vaccine formulation, feed additive, reproductive aides, animal growth, and animal production
Each type of nanoparticles has peculiar properties and these are used to enhance the therapeutic indices of the incorporated drugs in variety of ways, including bioavailability, retention time, protect the entrapped agent from the internal body environment, and sustained release
Summary
In the present status of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine will enter a phase of new and incredible transformations. Nanotechnology offers great significant contributions for the development technology in human and Veterinary Medicine, to create new knowledge and make it translation in to the field. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine offers significant contribution to clinical therapeutics using biocompatible nanoscale drug carriers, such as liposomes, micelle nanoparticles, dendrimer nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles for more efficient and safer delivery of various anticancer drugs. The target of human and veterinary medicine is first the treatment and prevention of diseases In both cases, liposomes contributed major part in controlled release and targeted to specific sites without any side effects using liposomal formulations. The incorporation of photosensitizers (PSs) into liposomes, micelles, or nanoparticles seems to alternative and it is a promising approach to reduce the PS self-aggregation and to enhance the targeted delivery of the PS in various microbial diseases [43]. Sadozai and Saeidi dedicated exclusive review on recent developments in Liposome-based veterinary therapeutics [21]
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