Abstract
Several efforts have been made to eradicate bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in Korea. However, there is still insufficient information on how the BVD virus (BVDV) affects bovine abortion. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of BVDV, and age of fetuses with BVDV infection in 350 aborted fetuses from 314 farms submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency in Korea from 2008-2017. Histopathologically, all fetal tissues were autologous, or had no specific lesions. BVDV was detected in 83 (23.7%) fetuses from 77 (24.5%) farms by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and revealed more than 30% higher detection rates in Chungnam and Gyeongbuk provinces compared to other regions, based on both total data and farm-associated analyses. Estimated age of fetuses with BVDV infection by converting the measured crown-rump length into fetal age showed that most cases occurred with abortions being induced during fetal period considered to be middle and late stage abortions. These results suggest that in order to successfully eradicate BVD in Korea, control programs such as vaccination and enhanced biosecurity should be applied to prevent fetal infections.
Highlights
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important cattle pathogen that causes serious economic losses worldwide [1-3]
We describe the detection rate of BVDV, and age of fetuses with BVDV infection in aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) for the entire country of Korea over the past 10 years
From the 314 farms that submitted samples that were analyzed in the study, BVDV was detected in fetuses from 77 (24.5%) of them
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important cattle pathogen that causes serious economic losses worldwide [1-3]. BVDV affects the respiratory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal systems. Diseases that affect the reproductive system that are caused by BVDV in cattle include fertilization failure, embryonic death, abortion, mummification, stillbirth, congenital defects, and calves born persistently infected [4]. BVDV can be further classified according to one of two major genotypes: type 1 and type 2. There are currently 11 recognized sub genotypes of BVDV type 1, and two sub genotypes of type 2 [6-8]. Two biotypes and two genotypes of BVDV have been isolated, and the seroprevalence of BVDV has been measured at 72.2%; indicating that BVDV is prevalent nationwide in bovine herds in Korea [9-12]
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