Abstract
Agricultural extension could be one tool in attaining the sustainable development goal related to the reduction of extreme poverty and hunger in developing countries like Ethiopia. This review aimed on agricultural extension impacts on food crop diversity and the livelihood of farmers in Ethiopia. According to this review results, agricultural extension impacts on food crop diversity are significantly affected positively and negatively with or without establishing annual joint planning, monitoring, learning, and evaluation, experience sharing through workshops, trainings and joint field visits in a cost-effective manner respectively. In addition, putting in place effective regulatory system and strategic framework for NGO’s extension services through developing extension governance structure are importantly affect agricultural extension towards of food crop diversity and also the possible explanation is that access to extension services is associated with the spread and adoption of new technologies through the provision of technical advice, credit availability, input supplies and even to the provision of market information and building the capacity of farmers, which might be directly re Cooperatives can provide specialized extension services by employing extension agents and/or contracting extension service providers to maximize their expected outputs to their members both in terms of improving the quantity and quality of their produce/ products. According to this review results, agricultural extension impacts the livelihood of farmers are affected by series of agricultural policies and strategies to nurture service provision and promote rural development, practical skills development and learning knowledge and trainings about crop production, natural resources management and animal production at different rates. Therefore, it is important for the government to focus on the awareness of the small holder farmers the way of enhancing the crop diversification and changing their own livelihood by using agricultural extension policies and strategy that is released or prepared by government or non-government organization.
Highlights
IntroductionBackground and justification of the review Increasing agricultural productivity is a key challenge in Sub-
Background and justification of the review Increasing agricultural productivity is a key challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where 62% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihoods [1]
Agricultural extension could be one tool in attaining the sustainable development goal related to the reduction of extreme poverty and hunger in developing countries like Ethiopia
Summary
Background and justification of the review Increasing agricultural productivity is a key challenge in Sub-. Like in many other SSA countries, agriculture is the most important sector for sustaining growth and reducing poverty in Ethiopia It accounts for 85% of employment, 50% of exports, and 43% of gross domestic product (GDP) [13]. Almost in its two decade’s life, PADETES program has increased the number of public Development Agents (DAs) dramatically from 2,500 to 47,500 during the period of 1995 to 2008 through the provision of a three-year diploma program at Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training (ATVET) colleges This rapid expansion has been accompanied by the establishment of Farmers Training Centers (FTCs) to become the focal point of extension support with a range of technical skills and provide abroad range of demand-responsive extension and short-term training services in every kebele in the country. It is very important to the knowledge of the authors, collecting very limited analysis of agricultural extension impacts on food crop diversity and the livelihood of farmers and the existing domain of research and development endeavors so far seem to be unable to provide adequate empirical explanation so identified their gap is very important
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