Review of Young Childrens Mental Toughness: Family, School, and Peer Factors

Abstract

Mental toughness is of great significance to individual development. Young children are the key period for the formation and development of mental toughness. Research on the factors affecting the development of mental toughness of young children can intervene in the development of mental toughness of children, so as to help their future development. Factors affecting mental toughness are classified into three categories: Family factors, school factors, peer factors, and the existing literature and research were summarized. The scale used to assess mental toughness and other methods were introduced. Family factors, such as cumulative risk of family, parenting style, marital conflict have an important impact on children's mental toughness. A good teacher-child relationship in school factors can protect and regulate family cumulative risk in family factors, and the relationship between children and peers will be affected by the relationship between children and parents. Family factors, school factors and peer factors are not separate, but need to coordinate the whole, the three need to cooperate with each other. Finally, some suggestions and future research directions are put forward.