Review of contact modelling in nonlinear finite element analysis

Abstract

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) provides approximate solutions to engineering problems for specified physical phenomenon by using a numerical technique termed Finite Element Method (FEM). It is widely used in several engineering applications like automotive, medical, aerospace etc for research and development. Structural analysis in FEM are widely categorized as Linear and Nonlinear analysis. Large deformations, use of elastic–plastic material, and Constraint/Contact in geometries are causes of non-linearity. It’s important to address non-linearities and find its solution methodology to debug non-convergence issues in FE analysis. Analysis becomes complex and time consuming especially, in case of large models. It often results in incomplete simulation and unreliable results leading to loss of time & resources. A problem may have one or combination of multiple non linearities together and hence, different solving strategies are required to find the converged solution. Use of commercial analysis software’s make it probable to acquire solutions to nonlinear problems. Yet, one must specify appropriate numerical model and solution parameters. In this paper we will review different FE contact modelling methods, algorithms followed by commercial software’s, also focus on basics of contact mechanics to resolve contact nonlinearity. The findings of this review paper will help users to comprehend basics of contact mechanics and give insight to address FE contact problem to achieve converge solution in future. Understanding the physics of the problem, the role played by carefully constructed mesh and various boundary constraints, with added strategic and logical contact solving method can ensure a successful solution.