Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens causing lower respiratory and other serious invasive infections in children. Over the past 15 years antibiotic resistance among pneumococcal isolates has continued to increase and clearly has impacted the management of pneumococcal infections. In this review the frequency and mechanisms by which S. pneumoniae evade the actions of antibiotics, the antimicrobial approach to treating pneumococcal pneumonia in children in the era of antibiotic resistance and strategies to prevent invasive pneumococcal infections are discussed.

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