Review of anatomical and histological alterations in the brain of patients with autism

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental illness which interferes with communication and behavior. autism can be detected at any age but symptoms become clinically evident in the first 2 years of life. The main symptoms are associated with social communication, interaction, monotonus actions and loss of enjoyment in objects and events. In addition it is linked to other psychological disorder like attention-deficit hyperactivity and epilepsy in the early years of life. Early diagnosis of the disorder with successive interference is very helpful to refine verbal outcomes and upgrade critical symptoms. Nowadays it is evident the neuroanatomical involvement in this disorder in early childhood and teenage groups like the cortical tissue of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, amygdala and hippocampus, in the inferior cerebellar vermis and left cerebellar lobule. In conclusion: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder which characterized by diminished communication skills, behavioral disturbances and cognitive impairment issues which definitely associated with neuroanatomical and microstructural changes in the brain cortex. In addition to genetic role in its etiology.