Garlic (Allium sativum): An in-depth review focusing on its potent antiparasitic activity

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely recognized not just for its culinary properties but also for its impressive broad spectrum of health benefits. This review delves into both the culinary and therapeutic usages of garlic, with a particular focus on its remarkable antiparasitic characteristics. In addition, the current review study highlights garlic’s effectiveness against various parasitic infections, due to its rich content of bioactive compounds such as allicin, ajoene, diallyl sulfides and many others. These compounds have shown substantial antiparasitic activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, the review summarizes findings from numerous studies that demonstrated garlic’s effectiveness in treating a range of parasitic diseases, including malaria, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and others. Besides, it discusses the mechanisms through which garlic’s bioactive compounds exert their antiparasitic effects, such as interfering with parasite metabolism, blocking enzyme functions, and boosting the host’s immune response. Additionally, the review considers garlic’s potential as a supplementary or alternative treatment for conventional antiparasitic medications, particularly in regions where drug resistance is a concern or access to standard therapies is restricted. In summary, garlic emerges as a highly promising natural remedy with notable antiparasitic properties. To fully harness its potential, ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial. These efforts will help refine its therapeutic applications and establish effective treatment protocols for combating parasitic infections.