Abstract
The main motivation for studying damage in bone tissue is to better understand how damage develops in the bone tissue and how it progresses. Such knowledge may help in the surgical aspects of joint replacement, fracture fixation or establishing the fracture tolerance of bones to prevent injury. Currently, there are no standards that create a realistic bone model with anisotropic material properties, although several protocols have been suggested. This study seeks to retrospectively evaluate the damage of bone tissue with respect to patient demography including age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), height, and weight, and their role in causing fracture. Investigators believe that properties derived from CT imaging data to estimate the material properties of bone tissue provides more realistic models. Quantifying and associating damage with in vivo conditions will provide the required information to develop mathematical equations and procedures to predict the premature failure and potentially mitigate problems before they begin. Creating a realistic model for bone tissue can predict the premature failure(s), provide preliminary results before getting the surgery, and optimize the design of orthopaedic implants. A comparison was performed between the proposed model and previous efforts, where they used elastic, hyper- elastic, or elastic-plastic properties. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the anisotropic material properties of bone when compared with unrealistic previous methods. The results showed that the density is 50% higher in male subjects than female subjects. Additionally, the results showed that the density is 47.91% higher in Black subjects than Mixed subjects, 53.27% higher than Caucasian subjects and 57.41% higher than Asian. In general, race should be considered during modeling implants or suggesting therapeutic techniques.
Highlights
Hip fracture is one of the serious injuries that affects adults
Modeling bone damage growth may be beneficial to the industry designing implants
This study involves retrospective evaluation and framework development of bone This study involves retrospective evaluation and framework development of bone anisotropic material behavior compared with elastic, elastic-plastic, and hyper-elastic anisotropic behavior with elastic, elastic-plastic, hyper-elastic properties. material
Summary
Hip fracture is one of the serious injuries that affects adults. It is estimated that1.7 million fractures occur every year worldwide, and this is expected to double by 2040 [1,2].The number of hip and knee joint replacement surgeries has increased significantly in the last four years and expected to reach 3.5 million total knee replacements in 2030. Hip fracture is one of the serious injuries that affects adults. 1.7 million fractures occur every year worldwide, and this is expected to double by 2040 [1,2]. The number of hip and knee joint replacement surgeries has increased significantly in the last four years and expected to reach 3.5 million total knee replacements in 2030. With such statistics, there is a need to understand bone structure more fully and how the damage develops and grows. Understanding the hierarchical structure of the bone at different levels provides better knowledge about bone tissue mechanical properties and the effect of each level on damage accumulation
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