Retrospective analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic development of the region (on the example of the Sverdlovsk region).

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of people's lives and territories. It has a destabilizing effect on the economy due to both direct and indirect factors. In order to develop an effective policy to combat such emergencies, the problem of studying its consequences seems urgent.To form effective responses to the consequences of the pandemic, adequate scientific tools are needed to assess them. In many of the studies conducted, the impact of the pandemic was assessed without considering the previously existing socio-economic trends in the regions.The purpose of the article is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the consequences of economic instability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic development of the region on the example of the Sverdlovsk region. The monthly values of twelve main socio-economic indicators from January 2016 to December 2021 were analyzed. The study is based on the use of regression models with dummy variables and seasonal autoregression for forecasting, which allow considering the seasonal dependence of socio-economic indicators.To determine the seasonality of individual indicators, a graphical method, autocorrelation correlograms and spectral analysis were used. When determining the uniformity between the predicted and actual values during the pandemic, the parametric Student's criterion and the nonparametric Wilcoxon criterion were applied, which allowed us to obtain a statistically significant result regardless of the normality of the compared aggregates.The retrospective analysis made it possible to establish a significant heterogeneous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on most of the analyzed spheres of life in the Sverdlovsk region.

The disruption in the lives of students around the globe due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been considered the largest disruption in the history of formal education. Schools and Universities were closed for several months almost everywhere around the globe. The students of Nepalese universities were also affected by this pandemic. In this context, using the data enumerated from 89 undergraduate students studying at undergraduate programs in the School of Development and Social Engineering, Pokhara University by means of an online survey, this study has explored the means of accessing online classes and assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic performance of undergraduate students. This study revealed that the Zoom platform, smartphones and tablets, Wi-Fi, and electricity were the major means to attend online classes. Despite many negative effects of the pandemic on different aspects of life, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a positive impact on their academic performance. However, the study did not find significant gender and rural-urban differences in the impact of the pandemic on the academic performance of students.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Eating Disorders: A Wake-Up Call for the Future of Eating Disorders Among Adolescents and Young Adults

Developments in paediatric cancer care throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China

The aim of this study was to analyze athletes’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 249 athletes between 15 and 35 of age, M = 21.22, SD = 5.12. The sample was composed of eight Olympic Games medalists, three European medalists, 67 international medalists, and 63 national medalists. The instruments used were: (1) COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, (2) Athlete Quality of Life Scale, (3) Impact of Pandemic on Athletes Questionnaire, and (4) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability Scales). The results indicate significant differences in COVID-19 anxiety depending on the sport practiced, F (9239) = 3.81, p < 0.01, showing that there were significant differences between sports. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and the athletes’ quality of life. The percentage of mediation was 33.9%, and the indirect effect was −0.11, CI 95% (−0.18, −0.03), Z = −2.82, p < 0.01. Trait anxiety has an increasing effect on the intensity of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 0.23, CI 95% (.10, 0.35), Z = 3.56, p < 0.01, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has a decreasing effect on quality of life, −0.47, CI 95% (−0.67, −0.27), Z = −4.62, p < 0.01. Gender and age did not moderate the relationship between the negative impact of COVID-19 and athletes’ quality of life. The results of the study highlighted the impact that social isolation and quarantine have on athletes’ affective well-being.

Nearly 20 years after the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic, we are facing another COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism behaviour of international students in Poland. We paid attention to the overall impact of the pandemic on life, travel, choice of tourist destination, tourism activity, ecotourism preference, and health and safety issues. We formulated two research questions: What areas of international student tourism behaviour were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? What differences in travel behaviour occurred between international students from Europe and Asia? Participants were recruited from universities located in Warsaw between June and September 2020. A total of 806 questionnaires were collected, 87 of which were eliminated due to non-response. The research sample consisted of 719 people. Six factors were identified in the survey results: tourism inclination, impact on tourist destination, hygiene and accommodation, impact on life, impact on tourism, and mode of tourism. Impact on life and impact on tourism were attributed to the general impact dimension; tourism inclination and mode of tourism can be summarized as attitude and preference. Food and accommodation were assigned to hygiene and safety dimensions. In almost all aspects, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s lives was greater for Asian respondents. Asian respondents were more likely to say that they would avoid COVID-19-affected areas when choosing tourist destinations in the future, and avoid travelling to crowded large cities after COVID-19 ended. European survey participants’ responses were more moderate.

Сфера туризма сталкивается с беспрецедентной проблемой коронавирусной болезни 2019 года (Covid-19), вызванной тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом коронавируса 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Целью данной статьи является анализ влияние пандемии Covid-2019 на состояние и развитие сферы туризма. Было проанализировано влияние пандемий на развитие туризма, рассмотрено влияние пандемии Covid-2019 на состояние и развитие сферы туризма – турпотока, поступления от международного туризма. Был проанализировано видение развития туризма и сопряженных с ними отраслей, цепочки создания добавленной стоимости в условиях пандемии в некоторых странах на начало мая 2020 года. Выявлены основные подходы к ограничительным мерам. Представлены возможные прогнозы развития сферы туризма после пандемии Covid-2019. Проанализированы государственные меры по поддержанию экономики в целом и в частности сферы туризма.

Purpose: The purpose of the considerations presented in the paper was to examine the changes that occurred in both population and GDP size and in selected economic sectors as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the highlighted EU regions. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population of selected EU regions, GDP in those regions, and the impact of the pandemic on the unemployment rate, the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, the number of nights spent in overnight accommodations, the number of passengers traveling by air, the number of people who ordered goods or services online in the past year, and employment in high-tech sectors. The impact was examined by analyzing development trend models for selected variables and verifying the hypothesis of constancy of model parameters with the Chow test. Predictions of selected variables were also counted if there had been no pandemic and compared to actual values from the COVID-19 pandemic period. Findings: Not all regions were equally affected by the effects of the pandemic. This was undoubtedly influenced by the authorities' struggle with the effects of the pandemic, but also by the entrepreneurial spirit of the residents of the regions studied. Also in different spheres of economic life, the effects of the pandemic varied from negative to positive. Research limitations/implications: Further research should also include the other EU regions and more economic sectors, allowing us to group regions according to similarities in coping with the pandemic and calculate spatial correlations. A problem we may encounter is the lack of sufficient data, which may result in the exclusion of some regions and economic sectors from the study. Social implications: Through the research, we can highlight regions that are coping better with the effects of a pandemic, and this can inspire regions that are coping less well. In the future, regions can look up to the actions carried out by authorities in other regions to offset the effects of pandemics (or other disasters with global effects) and transfer them to their own region. Originality/value: The article compares regions within the boundaries of which are national capitals. It was shown which region did best in combating the effects of the pandemic and which did less well. The article also shows what the impact of the pandemic was on the various branches of the economy. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, trend models, Chow test.

Background Data from European studies suggest that well-being declined during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pandemic's consequences on an overall nations’ well-being remains inadequately explored, especially over time. This study aims to map the long-term impact of the pandemic on the subjective well-being (SWB) of Belgian citizens. Methods Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, data were collected in representative samples of the Belgian population at 5 different time points during the period from February 2020 until December 2022. Life evaluation was measured with the Cantril ladder. Positive and negative affect were assessed with the short version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. ANOVA were used to evaluate the evolution in SWB. Moderation analyses were performed to investigate the differential impact of the pandemic for different age categories. Results Our results show that the pandemic negatively impacted the SWB of the Belgian population. Life evaluation (F(4,7605)=18.12, p&amp;lt;.001) and positive affect (F(4,7605)=16.83, p&amp;lt;.001) significantly decreased during the second wave and after the fourth wave compared to before the pandemic with a decline of .52 and .37 points respectively for life evaluation and a decline of .18 and .42 points respectively for positive affect (both on a scale between 0 and 10). No statistically significant differences in negative affect were found (F(4,7605)=1.08, p = 0.363). Citizens over the age of 50 appeared to be more resilient than younger citizens as the negative impact of the pandemic was either smaller or delayed in this group for all SWB indicators. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic clearly impacted the SWB of the Belgian population, and particularly the well-being of younger individuals suffered. We urge policymakers to consider all aspects of health during pandemics and to attend in particular the mental health needs of younger members of their society. Key messages • The COVID-19 pandemic and its related measures negatively impacted the well-being of the Belgian population, with younger individuals being more susceptible to the negative effects of the pandemic. • We urge policymakers and governments to consider all aspects of health during pandemics and to attend in particular the mental health needs of younger members of their society.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had many negative effects throughout the world. The pandemic has created many threats to the development of the agricultural sector, which is of particular importance in ensuring the security of the food supply. The aim of this paper is to examine the consequences of the global COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture, agri-food system and rural areas in developed countries as identified in the literature. The impact of the pandemic is divided into economic and social effects. A literature review was used to identify the current state of knowledge on the topic. The study found that the consequences of the pandemic occurred in every element of the food chain. The onset of the pandemic was characterised by shortages of many agri-food products, especially for certain groups of people who were unable to use the new sales channels. Production in the agricultural sector proved to be fairly resilient to the impact of the pandemic. However, the income insecurity of farms has increased significantly, especially for farms that offer seasonal products, rely on migrant labour and sell to the HoReCa sector. Food consumer behaviour has changed, which may have long-term consequences for the food economy. The social impact of the pandemic relates primarily to the increased digital exclusion of rural areas and the social exclusion of the elderly. The uncertainty of farmers' income and the deepening of social exclusion seem to be the most severe consequences of the pandemic in agriculture, agri-food sector and in rural areas.

PurposeTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-aged and older patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who underwent spinal fusion.MethodsThe subjects were 252 AIS patients who underwent spinal fusion between 1968 and 1988. The surveys were performed before the COVID-19 pandemic (a primary survey in 2014) and during the pandemic (a secondary survey in 2022). The self-administered questionnaires were mailed to the patients. We analyzed 35 patients (33 females and two males) who replied to both surveys.ResultsThe pandemic had low impacts on 11 patients (31.4%). Two patients reported refraining from seeing a doctor because they were concerned about going to the clinic or hospital, eight reported that the pandemic impacted their work, and five reported fewer opportunities to go out (based on multiple-choice answers). Twenty-four patients reported that their lives were unaffected by the pandemic. No significant differences were detected between both surveys for Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) in any domains (function, pain, self-image, mental, or satisfaction). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires revealed a significant worsening of the survey during the pandemic compared with the survey before the pandemic. There was no significant difference in the impact of the pandemic between the ODI deterioration group (27.8%) and the ODI stable group (35.3%).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic had a low impact on 31.4% of middle-aged and older patients with AIS who underwent spinal fusion. The impact of the pandemic did not significantly differ between the groups with ODI deteriorations and the groups with stable ODI. The pandemic had a smaller impact on AIS patients at a minimum of 33 years after surgery.

Pumping elephantThe COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the lives of people around the world in millions of ways . Due to this severe epidemic, all countries in the world have been affected by all aspects, mainly economic. It is widely discussed that the COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world economy. When considering this dimension, this study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy, socio-economics, and sustainability. In addition, the research focuses on multiple aspects of social well-being during the pandemic, such as employment, poverty, the status of women, food security, and global trade. To this end, the study used time series and cross-sectional analysis of the data. The second-hand data used in this study comes from the websites of major international organizations. From the analysis of secondary data, the conclusion of this article is that the impact of the pandemic is huge. The main finding of the thesis is that the social economy is affected by the pandemic, causing huge losses in terms of economic well-being and social capital.

The environmentally sound invention (ESI) is a "bridge" between environmental sound technologies (ESTs) and green productions. This study investigates the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on ESI efficiency using a multi-methods model in three stages. The ESI efficiency is measured using the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) method in the first stage. By excluding the environmental effect of the pandemic on each province using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model's results in the second stage, this study compares the ESI efficiency change with or without the influence of the pandemic in the third stage. The results show that the pandemic can be a "crisis" in the short term, but an "opportunity" in the long term. First, the SBM efficiency results in the first stage show a decrease in the number of the average efficient provinces in which the pandemic is more severe during 2020-2021. Second, results of the spatial Tobit and SFA models provide evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts the ESI efficiency during 2020, this impact is decreasing in 2021, and this impact has a spatial diffusion effect. Based on these results, this study discussed the theoretical and political implications. This paper enriches the knowledge of ESTs research and development by proposing a three-stage approach with multi-methods to investigate the influence of the pandemic's impact on ESI efficiency.

IntroductionThe current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high rates of infection and death, as well as widespread social disruption and a reduction in access to healthcare services and support. There...

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected economic development in countries around the world. It has deepened existing problems and increased the need for economic transformation, modernisation, and qualitative development, and launched new technological reforms that have led to the emergence of new economic forms of business models, consumption, as well as policies at the level of the state or local governments. The impacts of the pandemic are still visible in many aspects of life, including economic activity and the individual decisions of economic subjects at the level of households, enterprises, and governments. In this article, we present the results of the impact analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic with an emphasis mainly on the SMEs segment focusing on the tourist, hotel, and gastro industry (generally as one of the most affected by the pandemic). We also analyse the impact of the pandemic on the automotive industry because it is the most important manufacturing industry in Slovakia. Regardless of which industries of the national economy they are operating in, SMEs are assumed to be a driving force of structural changes, increasing employment, and economic growth. SMEs in Slovakia represent approx. 99% of all active enterprises and significantly participate in the success of the national economy. They are also an important factor in cooperation with large enterprises; in the case of Slovakia, the automotive industry should be highlighted (it is an important part of the secondary sector). The analysis and evaluation of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are carried out as a temporal and comparative analysis of the selected economic and industrial indicators relevant to the assessment of the impact of the pandemic on the Slovak business environment. It is an overview study of development; the impact of the pandemic is expressed mostly through the ratio indicators. The basis for time analysis and comparison is data representing the economic status quo before the pandemic (2019), and the ordinary period is represented by data distinctive of the pandemic period (2020, 2021). The results of the analysis indicate that the pandemic had a strong impact on employment and the sales of enterprises operating in the accommodation and catering industries; on the other hand, it did not reflect in the number of defunct enterprises, which points to the potential effectiveness of anti-pandemic measures in terms of state aid for the business sector. The results of this study may serve as a basis for the evaluation of introduced support programs (the evaluation of optimal combination and the impact of fiscal policies during a national/global economic crisis between assisting households, companies, state, and local governments) immediately mitigating the consequences of anti-pandemic measures, but also programs to eliminate the long-term consequences of the pandemic in the business environment in Slovakia. Assessing the situation is also a prerequisite for evaluating the impact of current crises (problems such as the global failure of logistics chains due to the pandemic, inflation, the environmental and energy crisis, and migration due to war conflict and applied sanction measures). In general, it is possible to claim that the pandemic was a huge burden for Slovakia; on the other hand, it was a lesson learned.