Retrospective analysis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw at a maxillofacial prosthetics clinic

Abstract

Purpose: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) poses significant challenges in patient care because of its complex etiology, clinical manifestations, and management. This study aims to provide an overview of patients with MRONJ treated at our clinic over the past 12 years, highlighting incidence, clinical characteristics, and prosthetic treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: The study included patients with MRONJ who visited our clinic between January 2012 and April 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, lesion location, clinical presentation, primary diseases, prosthetic management and medications were collected from health records. Results: This retrospective analysis of cases of MRONJ over 12 years at a maxillofacial prosthetics clinic reveals a rising prevalence of the condition, particularly in the elderly, with treatments for breast and prostate cancer emerging as prominent risk factors. Distinct medication-specific effects on distribution of lesions suggest variation in pathogenic mechanisms, which require tailored treatment strategies. Management strategies encompass a spectrum of interventions from conservative measures to prosthetic rehabilitation, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized care. Conclusion: The rising incidence of MRONJ, especially among elderly patients, indicates the need for enhanced preventive measures and interdisciplinary care. Breast and prostate cancer treatments are significant risk factors, necessitating tailored monitoring. Effective prosthetic management is crucial for improving oral function and quality of life in MRONJ patients.