RETRACTED: Physical insights into the heat and mass transfer in Casson hybrid nanofluid flow induced by a Riga plate with thermophoretic particle deposition

Abstract

In applied physics, Riga plate was one of the trademark inventions to overcome the poor conductivity of fluids. This provided an aid to avoid the boundary layer separation, reduce the friction as well as the pressure drag of submarines. This particular study has a lot of importance in numerous manufacturing, industrial and engineering fields. The current study deals with the laminar, steady flow of a Casson hybrid nanoliquid induced by a Riga plate in the presence of a porous medium. Appropriate similarity transformations are used to reduce the fluid flow equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. Later, for these reduced equations, an effective numerical method called the fourth fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg process with shooting technique is used to obtain the numerical solutions. The influences of involved parameters on the flow fields are demonstrated graphically. Results reveal that the velocity of the Casson hybrid nanofluid declines with an increase in the solid volume fraction and porosity parameter. The velocity gradient increases for an increase in values of the modified Hartmann number. Thermal distribution enhances with an increase in the values of Biot number as well as heat source/sink parameter.