Insight into hybrid nanofluid induced by a Riga plate: investigation on second grade fluid model

Abstract

Riga plate is an innovative magnetic mechanism that originated from the cluster of arranged changeless magnets and alternative electrodes over a plane surface. This innovative magnetic mechanism initiates a wall-parallel Lorentz force by postponing the boundary layer separation and decreasing the turbulence impact. In this study, the flow behavior of hybrid nanofluid on second-grade models over a Riga plate is investigated. By employing the similarity transformation, the governing model is converted to a system of ordinary differential equations, which could then be solved using the Runge Kutta–Fehlberg method coupled with a shooting technique. Analysis of the obtained results has proved that the flow of second-grade fluid is influenced significantly by the controlling parameters. Both EMHD parameter and hybrid nanoparticles have a role in the thermal development of this non-Newtonian working fluid. The velocity and temperature profiles are intensified due to the instigation of Lorentz force through the EMHD parameter. Augmentation of the temperature is observed on account of rising Al2O3/H2O and Cu/H2O concentrations. As compared to Cu/H2O nanofluid, the distributions of skin friction and heat transfer are pronounced for Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid which signifies the capacity of hybrid nanofluid as a novel procreation fluid having high thermal performance.