Abstract
Shortage of drinking water is chronic, severe, and wide-spread in the regions of Northern Africa, Middle East, and Central and Southern Asia. Conventional processes like MSF and RO require large amounts of energy in the form of thermal energy (for MSF) or electric power (for RO). Most desalination plants using these technologies are fossil-fuel driven. This results in a large carbon footprint for the desalination plant, and sensitivity to the price and availability of oil.
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