Abstract
The spread of respiratory allergies is increasing in parallel with the alarm of the scientific community. Evidently, our knowledge of the onset mechanisms of these diseases and, as a consequence, of the available remedies is inadequate. This review provides a brief, general description of current therapeutic resources and the state of research with regard to both drugs and medical devices in order to highlight their limits and the urgent need for progress. Increasing the amount of basic biochemical research will improve our knowledge of such onset mechanisms and the potential efficacy of therapeutic preparations.
Highlights
It is known that allergic rhinitis (AR) is mainly induced by an IgE-mediated response and shares many features with allergic asthma (AA)
Several guidelines are available for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of these diseases [23,24,25,26], but despite the considerable effort made in studying new remedies, which are proposed in many different pharmaceutical forms as described in the central part of this review, the number of allergic patients is growing, especially with respect to children and young adults
The fundamental, biochemical origins of these diseases are known [14,15,16,17, 37, 38], better knowledge is required of their basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms [20, 32], which appear to offer the best targets for effective therapy
Summary
It is known that allergic rhinitis (AR) is mainly induced by an IgE-mediated response and shares many features with allergic asthma (AA). The IgE-mediated response is not a unique mechanism of allergic reaction onset; other less known mechanisms exist. Several guidelines are available for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of these diseases [23,24,25,26], but despite the considerable effort made in studying new remedies, which are proposed in many different pharmaceutical forms as described in the central part of this review, the number of allergic patients is growing, especially with respect to children and young adults. The “call to action” of the European Federation of Allergy (EFA) is probably the most recent and alarming [36] Since these proposals/requests are considerable in number and very heterogeneous, they are recalled and grouped together at the end of this review. The fundamental, biochemical origins of these diseases are known [14,15,16,17, 37, 38], better knowledge is required of their basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms [20, 32], which appear to offer the best targets for effective therapy
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