Abstract
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) is an ultrasound-based minimal-effort high-accuracy elastic modulus measurement technique. RUS as described here uses the mechanical resonances (normal modes of vibration or just modes) of rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical specimens with a dimension of from a fraction of a millimeter to as large as will fit into the apparatus. Provided here is all that is needed so that the reader can construct and use a state-of-the-art RUS system. Included are links to open-source circuit diagrams, links to download Los Alamos National Laboratory open-source data acquisition software, links to request free analysis software, procedures for acquiring measurements, considerations on building transducers, 3-D printed stage designs, and a full mathematical explanation of how the analysis software extracts elastic moduli from resonances.
Highlights
TO Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERINGResonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a process whereby one measures the mechanical resonances or normal modes of a solid object and uses them to compute all the components of the elastic modulus tensor
We focus here only on cylindrical or rectangular parallelepiped (RPR) specimens with symmetry of orthorhombic or higher and with symmetry axes aligned with the geometric axes of the specimen
We describe here in sufficient detail the most common approach to acquiring resonances and computing moduli from them so that the reader can implement RUS on RPRs and cylinders with no other information required but from this article
Summary
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a process whereby one measures the mechanical resonances or normal modes of a solid object and uses them to compute all the components of the elastic modulus tensor. The preparation of a cylinder or RPR, dissipation is controlled by the material, but missing modes, that is, modes that for whatever reason go undetected, feed a frequency set to the analysis code that cannot correspond to any real object. This last is one where we have taken great pains to maximize the dynamic range of the electronics so that weak resonances can be extracted in the presence of strong ones and made provisions in the analysis codes to indicate a missed mode. We will describe how best to deal with missing modes below
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