Abstract
The magnetoelectric effect in layered composite cantilevers consisting of strain coupled layers of magnetostrictive (MS), piezoelectric (PE), and substrate materials is investigated for magnetic field excitation at bending resonance. Analytic theories are derived for the transverse magnetoelectric (ME) response in short and open circuit operation for three different layer sequences and results presented and discussed for the FeCoBSi-AlN-Si and the FeCoBSi-PZT-Si composite systems. Response optimized PE-MS layer thickness ratios are found to greatly change with operation mode shifting from near equal MS and PE layer thicknesses in the open circuit mode to near vanishing PE layer thicknesses in short circuit operation for all layer sequences. In addition the substrate layer thickness is found to differently affect the open and short circuit ME response producing shifts and reversal between ME response maxima depending on layer sequence. The observed rich ME response behavior for different layer thicknesses, sequences, operating modes, and PE materials can be explained by common neutral plane effects and different elastic compliance effects in short and open circuit operation.
Highlights
Strain coupled magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposites consisting of magnetostrictive (MS) and piezoelectric (PE) materials exhibit giant magnetoelectric effects compared to single phase materials.[1,2,3,4,5] The giant response is made possible by the use of different functional materials exhibiting large coupling to a common excitation, i.e., a product property or second order effect in a composite greatly exceeding the corresponding first order effect in a single phase material
The magnetoelectric effect in layered composite cantilevers consisting of strain coupled layers of magnetostrictive (MS), piezoelectric (PE), and substrate materials is investigated for magnetic field excitation at bending resonance
Response optimized PE-MS layer thickness ratios are found to greatly change with operation mode shifting from near equal MS and PE layer thicknesses in the open circuit mode to near vanishing PE layer thicknesses in short circuit operation for all layer sequences
Summary
Strain coupled magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposites consisting of magnetostrictive (MS) and piezoelectric (PE) materials exhibit giant magnetoelectric effects compared to single phase materials.[1,2,3,4,5] The giant response is made possible by the use of different functional materials exhibiting large coupling to a common excitation, i.e., a product property or second order effect in a composite greatly exceeding the corresponding first order effect in a single phase material. In static field excitation of the transverse ME effect the magnetic field produces a longitudinal strain in the magnetostrictive (MS) layers of the cantilever This is transferred to the piezoelectric (PE) layers via interface coupling[26] and results in a bending response, induced perpendicular charge polarization, and signal voltage. The observed differences were attributed to the respective amplifiers involved and no systematics were investigated To address this important issue, this paper focuses on the theory of the short circuit ME response which requires calculation of the strain-induced charge across the piezoelectric layer at vanishing potential. We present results for using different piezoelectric materials for the open and short circuit cases and all layer sequences
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