Abstract
The objective of the work was to evaluate the tanning technique to bioleather and with chromium salts, in carp mirror skins ( Cyprinus carpio specularis ). The skins wore removed by means of a machine, identified and congealed. Next they were tanned by the two techniques. The test bodies wore removed and taken to the laboratory climatized around 23 o C and relative humidity of the 50% air, as ABNT- NBR 10455 (1988), for 24 hours. For the tests of tensile strenght and to the elongation and the determination of the gradual tear force dynamometer, EMIC was used. Samples of the dorsal region of the skin for analysis of scanning electron microscopy wore removed (MEV). The samples wore drought in critical point with metallized CO 2 and with ions of gold-palladium. Specimens were then electron-micrographed with JEOL-JSM 5410. One observed the interlacement and the overlapping of the layers of the collagens staple fibers that provide greater resistance to the leather, and this resistance can be evidenced by the tests. The pieces of leather tanned with the bioleather technique presented higher values in the test of traction (20.45 N/mm 2 ) in comparison to chromium (12.32 N/mm 2 ). There was no difference in the elongation between the treatments (bioleather = 72.52%; chromium = 84.74%). For the test of gradual tearing, tanning to chromium was superior (26.28 N/mm) compared with bioleather (11.96 N/mm). Even though, the two tanning techniques can be used for skins of this species of fish for clothes confection
Highlights
A piscicultura vem crescendo nos últimos anos, e algumas espécies de peixes têm tido grande destaque
Após o curtimento das peles, foram cortados os corpos-de-prova para os testes de determinação da resistência à tração e ao alongamento (ABNT – NBR 11041, 1997) e para determinação da força de rasgamento progressivo (ABNT – NBR 11055, 1997)
Concentração de Al2O3 17% basicidade 66% pH 3,5 (1:10)
Summary
Foram utilizadas 20 carpas espelho cultivadas em policultivo integrados, no Oeste de Santa Catarina, e abatidas na indústria Cardume (Chapecó, Estado de Santa Catarina). As peles foram retiradas dos filés após a filetagem, por meio de uma máquina removedora de remoção da pele (Figura 1). Máquina utilizada para a remoção das peles dos filés de carpa espelho. Para a realização do curtimento, as peles foram descongeladas à temperatura ambiente e identificadas, com auxílio de miçangas em quantidade diferenciada entre as peles, fixadas por meio de uma linha mercê no 40. Após o curtimento das peles, foram cortados os corpos-de-prova para os testes de determinação da resistência à tração e ao alongamento (ABNT – NBR 11041, 1997) e para determinação da força de rasgamento progressivo (ABNT – NBR 11055, 1997). Retirada dos corpos-de-provas do couro da carpa espelho (Cyprinus carpio specularis), no sentido longitudinal ao comprimento do corpo do peixe. Foram retiradas amostras de pele da região dorsal média, para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, após curtimento. Delineamento experimental Para avaliação das análises de resistência dos couros foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (T1= curtimento com sais de cromo; T2= sem sais de cromo, Bioleather), com 13 repetições
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