Abstract

Medical residencies endorse the academic and human training of future specialists. However, aggression within the medical education environment seems to be an inherent part of intrahospital interactions during training. If a medical trainee experiences and observes mistreatment in their relationships with professors and peers, they may internalize it as a behavioral norm and a form of domination. Yet, domination is rarely absolute, as cracks often appear, creating spaces for the deployment of micro-resistance strategies. The aim of this study is to identify the micro-resistances that emerge among residents in response to acts of violence stemming from the highly hierarchical interactions they encounter during their specialist training. A qualitative study was conducted using focus group techniques. The results revealed four general dimensions: 1) abuse of power, 2) control mechanisms, 3) disregard for teaching and learning, and 4) silencing of complaints, which highlight the experiences of residents with violence during their training. It is concluded that evading, laughing, and remaining silent were the micro-resistances used by the residents in response to the abuses they experienced. These strategies were situated within a dynamic and contradictory power struggle, which allowed the residents to persist in their residency and continue on the path to becoming specialist doctors. Las residencias médicas avalan la formación y preparación académica y humana de los futuros especialistas. Sin embargo, las agresiones en el entorno de la educación del médico parecen ser parte inherente de sus interacciones intrahospitalarias durante su entrenamiento. Si el médico en formación vive y observa los malos tratos en la relación con sus profesores y pares lo asimila como una forma de comportamiento y de dominación. Sin embargo, la dominación difícilmente es total, porque en su ejercicio aparecen grietas, espacios que dejan lugar al despliegue de estrategias de microresistencias. El propósito de este trabajo es reconocer las microresistencias que surgen entre los residentes en respuesta a los actos de violencia resultantes de las interacciones altamente jerarquizadas que experimentan durante su formación como médicos especialistas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo mediante la técnica de grupos focales. Los resultados muestran cuatro dimensiones generales 1) abuso de poder, 2) mecanismos de control, 3) desconsideración de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y 4) mordaza ante la denuncia, que dan cuenta de las experiencias en torno a la violencia que viven los residentes durante su formación. Se concluye que birlar, reír y callar fueron las microresistencias de los residentes ante los agravios vividos, las cuales se ubicaron en un juego energético de control en constante tensión y contradicción; sin embargo, permitió que los residentes no desistieran de la residencia y continuaran en su camino para lograr ser médicos especialistas.

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