Abstract
A previous report has indicated that in many regions of Indonesia, populations of Musca domestica Linnaeus have shown very high resistance to permethrin and low resistance to imidacloprid. In this study, the resistance status to permethrin and imidacloprid was updated using a topical application and feeding bioassay. Six housefly strains originated from six highly populated cities in Indonesia, namely Serang (SRG), Jakarta (JKT), Bandung (BDG), Semarang (SMG), Yogyakarta (JOG), and Surabaya (SBY). A seventh strain (Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory (DPIL)) served as the control. Each strain was tested for resistance to the two insecticides. In addition, the rate of development of resistance to the two insecticides was measured over ten generations. The results indicated that all field strains showed very high resistance to permethrin. The highest resistance level recorded was in the SRG strain (RR50 = 2880), and the lowest was in the JKT strain (RR50 = 520). Repeated application of permethrin over ten generations increased the resistance level by about 2.7–32.73-fold as compared to the level of their respective parental populations. On the other hand, most strains showed low to moderate resistance to imidacloprid, in which the SRG strain had the highest resistance level (RR50 = 15.5) and the SBY strain had the lowest (RR50 = 2.0). Repeated application of imidacloprid over ten generations increased the resistance level by about 3.25–17.41-fold. The findings, which is the second report of housefly resistance in Indonesia since 2016, provide a crucial foundation for developing appropriate housefly integrated pest management strategies in highly populated areas in Indonesia.
Highlights
The housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, is the most common insect pest in urban and rural areas in the tropics, especially where people gather for economic activities
The SRG strain showed the highest resistance to permethrin (RR50 = 2880), followed by SMG (2624), SBY (1824), BDG (1344), JOG (640), and JKT (520)
Development of resistance to permethrin selected for ten generations
Summary
The housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, is the most common insect pest in urban and rural areas in the tropics, especially where people gather for economic activities. Most importantly, this insect can transmit diseases caused by protozoan, bacterial, helminthic, and viral agents including enteric infections (Förster et al 2007). A recent report showed that housefly populations from many areas in Indonesia have already developed very high resistance to permethrin, with the resistance ratios ranging from 190 to 25,190 fold (Kustiati et al 2016)
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