Abstract
This chapter discusses the resistance in arthropod predators and parasites. The development of insecticide resistance among field populations of arthropod parasites has never been experimentally documented. However, arthropod predators and parasites are known to develop resistance to pesticides in laboratory experiments. Evidence that such a potential exists has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments with several hymenopterous species. With Macrocentrus ancylivorus, a braconid parasite of the oriental fruit moth, a twelvefold resistance to DDT was produced after 19 generations of selection. Seven phytoseiid species have been reported resistant to one or more insecticides in widely scattered areas of the world—including Amblyseius chilenensis, Amblyseius fallacis, Amblyseius hibisci, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Typhlodromus caudiglans, Typhlodromus occidentalis, and Typhlodromus pyri. Among A. fallacis populations, strains resistant to DDT, carbaryl, and several organophosphorus-related compounds such as azinphosmethyl, parathion, phosmet, diazinon, and stirofos have been found.
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